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S.No Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Answer Solution Comments Status Action
1 Transverse fillet welded joints are designed for _______. Compressive strength Tensile strength Shear strength Bending strength c Fillet welded joints, particularly transverse fillet welds, are designed to resist shear stresses in the weld throat area.
The primary load that acts on the fillet weld is shear, and the weld is evaluated based on its shear strength.
These joints are not designed for tensile or compressive strength directly; though such forces may be present, the critical failure mode is shear.		 Comments Active
2 Rivets are usually specified by ______. Length of rivet Diameter of head Thickness of plates to be riveted Nominal diameter d Rivets are typically specified by their nominal diameter, which refers to the diameter of the shank (body) of the rivet, not the head diameter or length.
The length and head dimensions are chosen as per design needs but are not the primary specification parameter.
The nominal diameter is used for selecting drills, calculating hole size, and defining the rivet’s size for design and procurement.		 Comments Active
3 Resilience of a material is significant when the material is subjected to ______. Shock loading Thermal stresses Wear and tear Fatigue a Resilience refers to the ability of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically and release that energy upon unloading without permanent deformation.
It is crucial in applications where the material experiences sudden or shock loading, allowing it to absorb and release energy without damage.		 Comments Active
4 In case of rubber, stress _______with stain. Increases Remain constant Increases and then decreases Decreases and then increases a Comments Active
5 Dimensional unit of stress is _______. \(MLT^{-2}\) \(ML^{-1}T^{-1}\) \(ML^{-2}T^{-2}\) \(ML^{-1}T^{-2}\) d \(F=M^{1}L^{1}T^{-2},A=M^{0}L^{2}T^{0}\)
\(σ=\frac{F}{A}(M^{1}L^{1}\frac{T^{-2}}{M^{0}L^{2}T^{0}}=M^{1}L^{-1}T^{-2})\)
The dimension of Stress is \((M^{1}L^{-2}T^{-2})\)		 Comments Active
6 If ‘D’ is the diameter of a sphere, then volumetric strain is equal to ________.(where ∈ is stain) 1.5∈ 2∈ 3∈ 4∈ c Volumetric strain (ev) is the sum of linear strains in three mutually perpendicular directions, especially for isotropic and homogeneous materials like a sphere.
For a sphere:
\(Volumetric Strain(εv)=3×Linear Strain(ϵ)\)
Thus, the volumetric strain is 3. \(ϵ\)		 Comments Active
7 A solid cube has an edge length as ‘A’. The ratio of volume and the surface area will be _____. 2A A/6 A/2 A/4 b For a cube of side A:
Volume (V) = A³
Surface Area (S) = 6A2
Ratio = \(\frac{Volume}{Surface Area }=\frac{A^{3}}{6A^{2}}=\frac{A}{6}\)		 Comments Active
8 Stainless steel is a type of ______ steel. Carbon Alloy Tool Wrought b Stainless steel is a type of alloy steel, primarily made from:
Iron (Fe)
Chromium (Cr) (minimum 10.5%)
Often includes nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), and other elements.
Chromium forms a passive oxide layer, giving stainless steel its corrosion resistance.
It is not carbon steel, though it may contain a small amount of carbon.
It is not tool steel, which is specifically hardened for cutting tools.
Wrought steel refers to a form of steel, not a category based on alloying.		 Comments Active
9 Which of the following is non – crystalline (Amorphous)? Common salt Glass Diamond Silver b Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) material, meaning its atoms are irregularly arranged, and it does not have a long-range ordered crystal structure.
Common salt (NaCl), diamond, and silver are crystalline solids, where atoms are arranged in a repeating, orderly pattern.		 Comments Active
10 On applying external load on a machine part made of metal, which of the following take place? First plastic deformation First elastic deformation Both type of deformation happens simultaneously Deformation does not take place b Initially, the material undergoes elastic deformation Beyond the elastic limit, plastic deformation begins. Comments Active
11 Diameter of washer is usually taken Less than nut size Equal to the nut size Bigger than the nut size Any size irrespective of nut size c The washer diameter should be bigger than nut size because:
The outer diameter of the washer is kept larger than the nut to spread the load over a wider area.
This avoids indentation or damage to the material being fastened.
The inner hole of the washer fits the bolt, not the nut.		 Comments Active
12 The ______ joint is used to connect piston rod and the cross head of steam engine. Cotter Knuckle Bolted Universal a In a steam engine, the piston rod and crosshead are connected by a cotter joint, which is designed to handle axial tensile and compressive forces.
A cotter joint consists of a flat, wedge-shaped piece called a cotter, which passes through the piston rod and crosshead components to lock them together.
It allows for easy assembly and disassembly, and provides a secure, rigid connection.		 Comments Active
13 In case threads on a bolt are left hand, threads on nut will be _____ Right hand with same pitch Left hand with same pitch Could be left or right hand Left hand with fine pitch b When assembling a bolt and nut, the threads must match in the following aspects:
Parameter
Must Match?
Thread Hand
Yes
Thread Pitch
Yes
Thread Form
Yes (e.g., V-thread, square thread)
Diameter
Yes		 Comments Active
14 Which one of the following theories of failure is also known as Saint Venant theory? Maximum principal stress theory Maximum principal strain theory Maximum shear stress theory Maximum strain energy theory b The Maximum Principal Strain Theory is also called the Saint Venant theory.
It states that failure occurs when the maximum principal strain in a material reaches the strain at the elastic limit in simple tension.
This theory is less commonly used compared to other failure theories like the Maximum Principal Stress theory or the Maximum Shear Stress theory.		 Comments Active
15 Teflon is a ______. Thermosetting polymer Thermoplastic polymer Inorganic compound Phenolic b Teflon is the brand name for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a high-performance fluoropolymer with excellent chemical and thermal resistance. It is a type of Thermoplastic polymer. Comments Active
16 Ferrite is also known as \(α-iron \) \(β-iron\) \(γ-iron\) \(δ-iron\) a Ferrite is also called . it has BCC Crystral structure. \(-iron\) Comments Active
17 The property of a material by virtue of which it resists fracture because of high impact loads is called _______. Endurance Strength Elasticity Toughness d Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing, especially under impact loads.
It measures how much energy a material can absorb before breaking.
Materials with high toughness resist fracture even when subjected to sudden or shock loads.
Endurance relates to fatigue.
Strength is the maximum stress it can withstand.
Elasticity refers to returning to its original shape after removing load.		 Comments Active
18 Normalizing is used to ______. Decrease the ductility Increase the grain size Decrease the grain size Increase the hardness c Normalizing is a heat treatment process where a metal is heated above its critical temperature and then air-cooled. The main objectives are:
Refining the grain structure (reducing grain size)
Relieving internal stresses
Improving mechanical properties like toughness and strength
Larger grain sizes lead to brittleness, so normalizing helps decrease grain size, thus improving toughness.		 Comments Active
19 The process that occurs at elevated temperatures is/are Only recovery Only recrystallization Both recovery and recrystallization None of these c Both processes occur at elevated temperatures, but below melting point. Comments Active
20 The T – T – T curve has shape like _____. C S T O a The curve is typically C-shaped. It consists of two arms (start and finish of transformation) that bend inward, creating a "C" or nose-shaped curve.The left side of the "C" is the start of transformation, and the right side is the end. Comments Active
21 Pure iron melts at ______. 1300℃ 1455℃ 1535℃ 1600℃ c The melting point of pure iron is approximately 1535°C (or 2800°F).It is a high melting point metal due to its strong metallic bonding in the body-centered cubic (BCC) structure at room temperature. Comments Active
22 Which imperfection is called zero dimensional imperfection? Volume imperfection Point imperfection Line imperfection Surface imperfection b Imperfections in crystals are categorized based on their dimensionality:
Point imperfections (Zero-dimensional): Occur at a single atomic site (Examples: vacancies, interstitial atoms, substitutional impurities, Frenkel and Schottky defects).
Line imperfections (One-dimensional): Such as dislocations.
Surface imperfections (Two-dimensional): Like grain boundaries, twin boundaries.
Volume imperfections (Three-dimensional): Like pores, cracks, and inclusions.
Since point imperfections are localized to a single point, they are zero-dimensional imperfections.		 Comments Active
23 Which of the metal has the highest melting point among Copper, Aluminium, Lead and Zinc? Copper Aluminium Lead Zinc a Melting points of the given metals:
Copper: ≈ 1085°C
Aluminium: ≈ 660°C
Lead: ≈ 327°C
Zinc: ≈ 419°C		 Comments Active
24 The tetragon has _____ 04 faces 12 edges 6 corner 8 edges b A simple tetragonal unit cell has:
6 faces
12 edges
8 corners (atoms)		 Comments Active
25 Which of the following is a type of line imperfection? Vacancies Frankel defect Edge dislocation Substitutional impurity c Imperfections in crystals are classified as:
Point defects: Vacancies, interstitials, substitutional impurities, and Frankel defect — these occur at atomic points.
Line defects: Dislocations, like edge dislocation and screw dislocation, are imperfections along a line in the crystal lattice.
Surface defects: Grain boundaries, twin boundaries, etc.
So, Edge dislocation is a line imperfection, where a row of atoms is misaligned in the crystal structure.		 Comments Active
26 Which of the following is mechanical property of a material? Stress Strain Yield strength Shear stress c Yield strength is a mechanical property of a material, indicating the stress level at which a material begins to deform plastically. It is an inherent characteristic of the material.
On the other hand:
Stress and shear stress are external forces applied per unit area, not intrinsic properties.
Strain is a measure of deformation caused by applied stress, also not a property of the material itself.
Thus, Yield Strength is the correct mechanical property.		 Comments Active
27 Which test method is employed to obtain endurance limit of material? Tensile test Compression test High cycle fatigue test Low cycle fatigue test c The endurance limit refers to the maximum stress a material can withstand for an infinite number of loading cycles without failure, typically considered at 10⁶ cycles or more.
The High Cycle Fatigue Test (HCF) is specifically used to determine the endurance limit, where the material is subjected to cyclic stresses below the yield strength over a large number of cycles.
Tensile and compression tests determine static properties, not fatigue strength.
Low Cycle Fatigue Test (LCF) is used for high-stress, low-cycle fatigue analysis, and does not determine endurance limit.		 Comments Active
28 Which one of the following test method is used to obtain material yield strength? Charpy test Izod test Creep test Tensile test d Tensile test is used to determine various mechanical properties of a material like yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation.
It involves pulling a material specimen until it deforms and breaks, and the yield strength is recorded as the stress at which the material starts to deform plastically.
Charpy and Izod tests measure impact strength, not yield strength.
Creep test measures how materials deform under constant stress over time at high temperature, not immediate yield strength.		 Comments Active
29 Which of the following gears are not used to join parallel shafts? Bevel gears Helical gears Spur gears Spiral gears a Bevel gears are specifically designed to transmit motion between intersecting shafts, typically at right angles (90°), not parallel shafts.
Helical gears and spur gears are commonly used for parallel shafts, providing smooth and efficient power transmission.
Spiral gears (which may sometimes refer to spiral bevel gears) are also designed for non-parallel, intersecting shafts.		 Comments Active
30 Silicon is an example of _________material. Conductor Semiconductor Insulator Magnetic b Silicon is one of the most widely used semiconductor materials. It has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.
At absolute zero temperature, silicon behaves like an insulator, but as temperature increases or when doped with impurities, it behaves like a conductor.
Silicon is used extensively in electronic devices, such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits.		 Comments Active
31 Which of the following is an example of non – metallic material? Zinc Copper Asbestos Iron c Zinc, Copper, and Iron are all metals, known for their good electrical conductivity, ductility, and metallic luster.
ï‚· Asbestos, on the other hand, is a non-metallic material, commonly used for insulation and fireproofing. It is a mineral composed of silicate compounds and does not conduct electricity or exhibit metallic properties.		 Comments Active
32 Fe – C alloys containing ________ carbon are called steels. 0 – 0.14% 0 – 0.41% 0 – 1.0% 0 – 1.4% d Iron-carbon alloys are classified based on their carbon content.
If the carbon content is up to 1.4%, the alloy is called steel.
Beyond 1.4% and up to 2%, it is still considered steel in some definitions, but generally, cast iron contains more than 2% carbon.
Thus, steels typically have carbon in the range of 0 to 1.4%, covering both low carbon steels and high carbon steels.		 Comments Active
33 Which one of the following is not an advantage of welded joints over riveted joint? Assembly is lighter and less costly Tight and leak proof assembly Thermal distortion in parts No stress concentration problem c Welded joints have several advantages over riveted joints like being lighter, more economical, and providing leak-proof joints. They also avoid the problem of stress concentration caused by drilled holes in riveted joints.However, one of the disadvantages of welded joints is thermal distortion, caused due to the heat of welding which can warp the parts.So, thermal distortion is not an advantage, but rather a drawback of welding. Comments Active
34 Which theory is used for brittle materials? Maximum principal strain theory Maximum shear strain theory Maximum shear stress theory Maximum principal stress theory d For brittle materials, the most suitable failure theory is the:
Maximum Principal Stress Theory (Rankine's Theory)		 Comments Active
35 The fuel used in blast furnace is Coke Coal Wood Producer gas a In a blast furnace, coke is used as the main fuel. It serves three important purposes:
Provides heat: Coke burns in the presence of hot air to produce very high temperatures (~2000°C).
Acts as a reducing agent: It helps reduce iron ore (iron oxides) to molten iron.
Provides support: It maintains the permeability of the burden (charge) for upward movement of gases.		 Comments Active
36 The complete transformation of austenite takes place at _____ during cooling from liquid state. Just below 723℃ temperature Just above 723℃ temperature at 723℃ temperature at 910℃ temperature a The transformation of austenite into other phases (like pearlite, bainite, or martensite) happens when cooling from higher temperatures — specifically during solid-state phase transformations.
At 723°C temperature:
Eutectoid transformation occurs:
γ-Austenite→α-Ferrite+Cementite (Fe3C) (Pearlite)
This transformation completes just below 723°C during slow cooling.		 Comments Active
37 Directional solidification in casting can be improved by using Chills Chaplets Cores All of these a Directional solidification is the process of controlling the solidification from the farthest end of the casting towards the riser to avoid shrinkage cavities and internal defects.
Chills are metal inserts placed in molds to increase the cooling rate in specific regions, promoting controlled solidification direction.
Other options:
Chaplets are used to support cores, not to control solidification.
Cores are used to create hollow sections, not for influencing solidification patterns.		 Comments Active
38 Which of the following comes under indirect materials for a car manufacturing company? Steel Rubber Stationery material Glass c Indirect materials are those not directly used in manufacturing the final product, but are necessary for supporting operations.
Stationery material (like papers, pens, printing supplies) is used in office and administrative tasks, not in the construction of the car itself.
Other options:
Steel, Rubber, and Glass are direct materials as they are used in making the body, tires, and windows of the car.		 Comments Active
39 Failure due to tearing of the plate between the rivet hole and edge may be avoided if _______. [m = margin, d = diameter of rivet] m = d m = 1.5d m = 0.7d m = 0.5d b Margin (m) is the distance from the center of the rivet hole to the edge of the plate.
If the margin is too small, the plate may tear between the edge and the rivet hole under load.
To prevent tearing failure, the standard design rule is:
 Comments Active
40 A controlled process during which timber is allowed to dry out prior to being used in construction is known as Sawing Preservation Burning Seasoning d Seasoning of timber is the controlled process of removing moisture from wood to make it suitable for construction and other uses.
Proper seasoning reduces shrinkage, warping, and cracking.
It improves strength, durability, and resistance to decay.
Methods include air seasoning and kiln seasoning.
Other options:
Sawing → Cutting wood into planks or shapes
Preservation → Applying chemicals to protect from insects and fungi
Burning → Not used in drying; it's destructive		 Comments Active
41 Which of the following is an electric insulation material? Mercury Brass Silver Bakelite d Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic known for its excellent electrical insulating properties.It is widely used in switches, sockets, plugs, and electrical housings.
Other options:
Mercury → Metal and good conductor of electricity
Brass → Alloy of copper and zinc; good conductor
Silver → Best conductor of electricity		 Comments Active
42 Which of the following property decreases by alloying chromium in steels? Ductility Wear resistance Hardenability Corrosion resistance a When chromium is added to steel, it improves several mechanical and chemical properties:
Increases corrosion resistance (as in stainless steels)
Improves wear resistance
Enhances hardenability
However, chromium is a strong carbide former and makes the structure more rigid, which leads to a reduction in ductility.		 Comments Active
43 During estimation of cost of welding, the cost of welding transformer is a ______. Fixed cost Material cost Variable cost None of these a In welding cost estimation, the welding transformer is considered a capital equipment.
Its cost does not change with the amount of welding done.
It is a one-time investment and part of overhead costs, which are distributed over time or number of jobs.
Hence, it is classified as a fixed cost — not dependent on production volume or weld length.		 Comments Active
44 Which type of welded joint shown is in the figure?
 Fillet Butt Vee Parallel a The welded joint shown in the image is clearly: Fillet Weld Comments Active
45 The maximum shear stress is calculated by the formula What is J in the formula? Where R is radius and T is torque. \((Ï„)\) \(Ï„=\frac{TR}{J}.\) Moment of inertia Polar moment of inertia Force Moment b In the torsion formula:
\(Ï„=\frac{TR}{J}\)
\(Ï„=Shear stress\)
T = Applied torque
R = Radius of the shaft
J = Polar moment of inertia (also called second moment of area about polar axis)		 Comments Active
46 For all positions of the governor of the sleeve or balls, the governor has the same equilibrium speed. Such governor is known as Sensitive governor Isochronous governor Stable governor Unstable governor b A governor controls the speed of an engine by regulating the fuel supply based on load changes.
A governor is said to be isochronous when its equilibrium speed is the same for all radii of rotation (positions of balls or sleeve).
This means the speed remains constant, even with small changes in the position of the sleeve.
In such a governor:
The range of speed = 0
It is extremely sensitive
However, it may become unstable if not properly controlled		 Comments Active
47 For equilibrium of the mass, the height of a Watt governor, running with the speed of ‘N’ RPM is given by \(\frac{895}{N^{2}} m\) \(\frac{895}{N} m\) \(\frac{895}{N^{3}} m\) \(\frac{8950}{N} m\) a \(h=\frac{g}{ω^{2}}\)
Where:
h = height of the governor (in meters)
g = acceleration due to gravity = \(=9.81\frac{m}{s^{2}}\)
= angular velocity in rad/s = \(ω \) \(\frac{2πN}{60}\)
Substituting w in the equation:
\(h=\frac{9.81}{(\frac{2Ï€N}{60})^{2}}=\frac{895}{N^{2}}\)		 Comments Active
48 Which alloying element is added to copper to form brass? Tin Zinc Aluminium Sulphur b Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. The proportion of zinc can vary to give different properties like strength, corrosion resistance, and machinability.
Brass = Copper (Cu) + Zinc (Zn)
If tin is added instead of zinc, the alloy formed is bronze, not brass.
Aluminium and sulphur are not typically used to form brass.		 Comments Active
49 The dimension marked by arrow in the figure is called _______.
 Throat thickness Leg length Weld face Base a The dimension marked by the arrows in the image is the:
Throat thickness (or Effective throat) of the fillet weld.		 Comments Active
50 The maximum distortion energy criterion was proposed by ______. Tresca Von Mises Newton Timoshinko b The maximum distortion energy theory, also known as the Von Mises yield criterion, was proposed by Richard Edler von Mises.
It is used to predict yielding of ductile materials under any complex loading condition.
According to this theory, yielding begins when the distortion energy in the material reaches the same value as it does during yielding under uniaxial tension.
It is considered more accurate than Tresca's theory, especially for materials under complex stress states.		 Comments Active
51 Generally which type of joint is produced by a rivet? Fillet Cotter joint Lap All of these c Riveted joints are commonly used in structural and mechanical applications where a permanent joint is needed. Among the various joint types, the lap joint is the most commonly produced by riveting.
In a lap joint, two plates are overlapped and joined by rivets.
Butt joints (another riveted type) also exist, but are less common in general-purpose riveting.
Fillet joints are made by welding, not riveting.
Cotter joints are removable mechanical joints, and not related to rivets.		 Comments Active
52 Neutral plane of a beam _____. Is in the middle of beam Is at centre of gravity of beam Is at bottom of beam Is at plane where length of beam remains constant during deformation d Neutral Plane is the plane within the beam where:
No extension or compression occurs
The length remains unchanged during bending
Bending stress = 0		 Comments Active
53 The ratio of maximum stress induced due to suddenly applied load to the stress induced due to gradually applied will be _______. 2 \(\frac{1}{2}\) \(\frac{1}{3}\) 3 a \( σ=\frac{P}{A}\)
\(σ_{sudden }=2×\frac{p}{A}\)
So, the ratio is:
\(\frac{Stress due to sudden load}{Stress due to gradual load}=\frac{2×\frac{P}{A}}{\frac{P}{A}}=2\)		 Comments Active
54 Two loads of 50 kg and 75 kg are hung at the ends of a rope passing through over a smooth pulley as shown in fig. The tension (T) in the string is
 50 kg 75 kg 25 kg 60 kg d Applying Newton’s second law to both masses
75a75aTT
75a
75a
T
T
TT
T
T
75 g75 g75 kg75 kg50 kg50 kg50 a50 a50 g50 g
75 g
75 g
75 kg
75 kg
50 kg
50 kg
50 a
50 a
50 g
50 g
\(T=50 a+50g\)
\(T+75a=75g\)
After solving and putting g=10 m/s2
\(a=2 m/s^{2}\)
\(T=600 N=60 kg\)		 Comments Active
55 If the torque applied on a cylindrical shaft of diameter D is T, the maximum shear stress will be ______. \(\frac{8T^{2}}{Ï€D^{2}}\) \( \frac{16T^{2}}{Ï€D^{2}}\) \( \frac{16T^{ }}{Ï€D^{3}}\) \( \frac{8T^{ }}{Ï€D^{2}}\) c \(T_{max}= \frac{Tâ‹…R}{J}\)
Where:
T = Torque
R = = Radius \(\frac{D}{2} \)
= Polar moment of inertia for solid circular section \(J=\frac{Ï€D^{4}}{32} \)
Now,
\(T_{max}=\frac{Tâ‹…(\frac{D}{2})}{\frac{Ï€D^{4}}{32}}=\frac{16T}{Ï€D^{3}}\)		 Comments Active
56 Surface area of a hemispherical solid is ______ \(Ï€r^{2}\) \(2Ï€r^{2}\) 3 \(Ï€r^{2}\) 4 \(Ï€r^{2}\) b A hemisphere is half of a sphere. For a solid hemisphere, the total surface area includes:
1. Curved surface area (CSA) = \(2Ï€r^{2}\)
2. Base area (circular face) = πr²
So,
Total Surface Area = \(2Ï€r^{2}+Ï€r^{2}=3Ï€r^{2}\)		 Comments Active
57 Which of the following metal has Body Centred Cubic (BCC) structure? Molybdenum Copper Calcium Magnesium a Body Centred Cubic (BCC) is a crystal structure where atoms are located at each corner of a cube and one atom at the center.
Metals with BCC structure include:
Iron (at room temperature: α-iron)
Chromium
Tungsten
Molybdenum
Vanadium		 Comments Active
58 In a single threaded screw The lead of the screw is three times of the pitch Pitch of the screw is two times of lead Pitch and lead are equal Lead of the screw is double the pitch c for a single-threaded screw (also called single-start screw):
Lead = Pitch
Type of Thread
Relation (Lead vs Pitch)
Single-start
Lead = Pitch
Double-start
Lead = 2 × Pitch
Triple-start
Lead = 3 × Pitch
n-start
Lead = n × Pitch		 Comments Active
59 Ratio between angle of repose and angle of friction is _______. < 1 > 1 but <2 >2 but < 3 1 d The angle of friction & is defined as:
\(tan(ϕ)=μ\)
Similarly, for angle of repose:
\(tan(θ)=μ\)
Since both are based on the same coefficient of friction μ, we get:
\(θ= ϕ ⇒\frac{θ}{ϕ}=1\)		 Comments Active
60 A coil of helical spring with stiffness ‘k’ is cut into two equal parts. The stiffness of one of the parts will be _______. Double One half One third One fourth a The stiffness k of a helical spring is inversely proportional to its number of active coils : \(n\)
\(k ∝\frac{1}{n}\)
So when the spring is cut into two equal parts, the number of coils in each part becomes Therefore, the new stiffness k' becomes: \(\frac{n}{2} \)
\(k^{'}= \frac{1}{\frac{n}{2}}=2×\frac{1}{n}=2k\)		 Comments Active
61 A load which is acting at a point on a beam is known as _____load. Uniformly distributed Concentrated Uniformly varying Triangular b A concentrated load (also called a point load) is a load that acts at a specific point on a beam. It is assumed to be applied over a very small area, so it is treated as acting at a single point in structural analysis. Comments Active
62 Two forces P = 6 N and Q = 10 N are acting on a particle and their line of action are inclined to each other at an angle of 45ᵒ, the resultant is equal to (approximate) 12.8 17.8 14.8 15.8 c \(R= P^{2}+Q^{2}+2PQcosθ \)
\(R= 6^{2}+10^{2}×2×6×10×cos 45^{°}\)
\(=36+100+120×0.707\)
\(=136+84.84=220.84 ≈14.8\)		 Comments Active
63 Maximum shear stress by Mohr’s circle method, is equal to the ________of Mohr’s circle. Radius Diameter 2 × diameter 4 × diameter a \(Maximum shear stress=Radius of Mohr^{'}s circle=(\frac{σ_{x}-σ_{y}}{2})^{2}+txy2\) Comments Active
64 Principal plane have
(i) Normal stresses
(ii) Shear stresses		 (i) only (ii) only Both (i) & (ii) Neither (i) nor (ii) a Principal planes are those planes in a stressed body where the shear stress is zero, and only normal stresses (either tensile or compressive) act. Comments Active
65 The Rankine formula holds good for the following: Short column only Long column only Both short and long columns Weak column c The Rankine formula is a semi-empirical formula used to predict the critical load at which a column will buckle. It combines the effects of both:
Crushing failure (dominant in short columns)
Buckling failure (dominant in long columns)
The formula is:
\(\frac{1}{P}=\frac{1}{P_{c}}+\frac{1}{P_{e}}\)		 Comments Active
66 The design of thin cylindrical shell is based on _____. Hoop stress Longitudinal stress Volumetric stress All of these a Hoop stress is twice as large as longitudinal stress. So, failure is more likely due to hoop stress. That’s why the design is based on hoop stress for safety. Comments Active
67 Cam and follower is an example of ______ Sliding pair Rolling pair Lower pair Higher pair d In a cam and follower mechanism, the two elements (cam and follower) interact through point or line contact, not surface contact. This type of contact leads to relative motion between the two that is not completely constrained by surface area.
Such a mechanism is classified as a higher pair, where:
Contact is point or line (not surface)
Relative motion includes sliding or rolling with limited constraints		 Comments Active
68 Torsional rigidity of the shaft is defines ______. Modulus of elasticity × inertia Modulus of elasticity /inertia Modulus of rigidity × polar moment of inertia Modulus of rigidity / polar moment of inertia c Torsional rigidity refers to the resistance of a shaft to twisting and is defined as:
Torsional Rigidity = G × J
Where:
G = Modulus of rigidity (Shear modulus)
J = Polar moment of inertia of the shaft cross-section		 Comments Active
69 Isotropic material have same ______property in all direction. Elastic Plastic Thermal Loading a An isotropic material is one that has identical mechanical properties in all directions. Specifically, it means the elastic properties such as:
Young’s modulus
Shear modulus
Poisson’s ratio		 Comments Active
70 If a member of a structure is vertical and both of its ends are fixed rigidly while subjected to an axial compressive load, it is known as ______. Column Strut Buckler None of these a When a structural member is placed vertically and is subjected to an axial compressive load, it is called a column.
A column is always vertical.
It can have both ends fixed, pinned, or a combination depending on boundary conditions.
Columns are designed primarily to resist compressive forces and are prone to buckling based on their slenderness ratio.		 Comments Active
71 For a column, the actual length of column is and the least radius of gyration is ‘k’, then the slenderness ratio will be _________. \('l'\) \(\frac{k}{l}\) \(\frac{l}{k}\) \(\frac{k^{2}}{l}\) \(\frac{l}{k^{2}}\) b The slenderness ratio of a column is a measure of its tendency to buckle under axial load. It is defined as:
\(Slenderness Ratio=\frac{l}{k}\)
Where:
l = Effective or actual length of the column
k = Radius of gyration (least, in case of buckling)		 Comments Active
72 The stiffness of a spring is denoted by one of the following: Load per unit length Load per unit deflection Load per unit diameter Load per unit radius b The stiffness (k) of a spring is defined as the force required to produce a unit deflection in the spring. It is mathematically expressed as:
\(k=\frac{F}{δ}\)
Where:
F = Applied load or force
= Deflection produced by the load \(δ\)
Hence, spring stiffness = Load per unit deflection.		 Comments Active
73 In a simply supported beam with point loads the bending moment is maximum at a section where shear force is _______ after changing its sign. Maximum Minimum but not zero Zero None of these c In structural analysis, for a simply supported beam with point loads, the maximum bending moment occurs at the point where:
The shear force changes sign (i.e., from positive to negative or vice versa).
At that point, the shear force is zero.
This is a fundamental principle:
The bending moment is maximum (or minimum) at the section where the shear force = 0.
This is especially true between point loads or at the location of a single point load.		 Comments Active
74 Collar bearing are used with shaft for _______. Increasing the frictional torque Increasing the intensity of pressure Decreasing the frictional torque Preventing axial movement d A collar bearing is used in applications where the shaft is subjected to axial load (i.e., load along the axis of the shaft).
It supports the thrust load and prevents axial movement of the shaft.
These bearings have a collar or flange that resists the axial force.
It is not meant to reduce or increase frictional torque, but to restrict axial displacement of the rotating shaft.		 Comments Active
75 If in a gear train each intermediate shaft carries two wheels as gears, one of which act as driven and other as driver to the different shaft, then the gear train is called _______. Simple gear train Compound gear train Epicyclic gear train Reverted gear train b In a compound gear train, each intermediate shaft carries two gears:
One gear is driven by the preceding shaft.
The other gear drives the next shaft.
This setup allows:
Higher gear ratios in a compact space.
More control over speed and torque transmission.
It's different from a simple gear train, where only one gear per shaft is mounted.		 Comments Active
76 Which one of the following is not measured by a dynamometer? Temperature Torque Force Power a A dynamometer is an instrument designed to measure mechanical output, such as:
Torque (rotational force)
Force (in some types)
Power (calculated using torque × angular speed)
However, it does not measure temperature, which is a thermal parameter typically measured using instruments like:
Thermometer
Thermocouple
RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector)		 Comments Active
77 Which drive does not have flexible connector? Belt Chain Rope Gear d Belt drives, chain drives, and rope drives use flexible elements (belt, chain, or rope) to connect the driver and the driven shaft.
ï‚· Gear drives, however, do not use any flexible element. They use rigid toothed wheels (gears) that mesh directly with each other.
ï‚· Therefore, gear drive is a positive, rigid drive system with no flexibility between the driver and driven members.		 Comments Active
78 In order to have maximum power transmission, the velocity of belt should be ______
[Note : T = strength of the belt (N), m = mass of the belt (kg/m)]		 \(\frac{T}{2m}\) \(\frac{T}{2m}\) \(\frac{T}{3m}\) \(\frac{T}{3m}\) d Let \(T=Maximum tension in the belt\)
\(T_{c}=mv^{2}=centrifugal tension\)
\(T_{1}(Tension in tight side)=T-mv^{2}\)
\(T_{2}=Tension in slack side\)
We know that \(power transmitted, P=(T_{1}-T_{2})×v\)
Differentiating with respect to and putting \(v\) \( \frac{dP}{dv}=0\)
\(v=\frac{T}{3m}\)		 Comments Active
79 For V – belt drive, the included angle of a pulley is ______. 20ᵒ - 30ᵒ 30ᵒ - 40ᵒ 40ᵒ - 50ᵒ 50ᵒ - 60ᵒ b For classical V-belts (A, B, C type) → 30° to 40° groove angle Comments Active
80 Velocity ratio of a belt drive due to slip ________. Decreases Increases Remain same None of these a In a belt drive system, velocity ratio (VR) is the ratio of the speed of the driver pulley to the driven pulley. Ideally, this is determined by the diameters of the pulleys. However, when slip occurs, the belt moves slightly without transferring motion completely to the driven pulley, causing the driven pulley to rotate slower than expected. Hence, the actual velocity ratio decreases from the ideal value. Comments Active
81 Isochronous governor has sensitivity of _______. One Zero Five Infinity d The sensitivity of a governor is defined as:
\(Sensitivity of Governor=\frac{Mean speed}{Range of speed}\)
We know that the range of speed is zero in an isochronous governor
So \(Sensitivity of Governor=\frac{Mean speed}{0}=∞\)		 Comments Active
82 Which lubricant is used for rope brake dynometer? Grease Water No lubricant Oil c In a rope brake dynamometer, no lubricant is used. This is because the friction between the rope and the brake drum is crucial for measuring the brake force. Adding lubricant would reduce friction, thereby affecting the accuracy of the measurements. The system relies on the dry friction between the rope and the drum to function correctly. Comments Active
83 Which of the following is not the condition for complete balancing of reciprocating parts of engine? Primary force polygon must be closed Primary couple polygon must be closed Secondary force polygon must be closed Secondary couple polygon must not be closed d In the process of balancing reciprocating parts of an engine, the following conditions must be met:
Primary force polygon must be closed: This ensures the cancellation of primary forces, leading to the balancing of the engine's reciprocating motion.
Primary couple polygon must be closed: This ensures the balancing of the primary couple (moments) caused by reciprocating parts.
Secondary force polygon must be closed: This ensures the cancellation of secondary forces caused by the motion of reciprocating parts at high speeds.
Secondary couple polygon must not be closed: The secondary couple (moment generated by the secondary forces) does not need to be balanced completely in many cases, and leaving it open is acceptable.
Hence, the incorrect condition is that the secondary couple polygon must not be closed.		 Comments Active
84 Screw and nut self – locking condition is _____ When efficiency is less than 50% When efficiency is equal to 50% When efficiency is more than 50% When efficiency is equal to that for overhauling a In a screw and nut mechanism, self-locking occurs when the efficiency is less than 50%.
The self-locking condition ensures that the load cannot move in the opposite direction when the driving force is removed.
This condition is achieved when the frictional force is high enough to prevent the nut from moving without the application of external force.
In mathematical terms, self-locking occurs when the mechanical efficiency of the screw is less than 50%.		 Comments Active
85 Hour and minute hands of a clock mechanism are connected by the following gear train ______. Simple Compound Epicyclic Reverted d A reverted gear train is a type of compound gear train where:
The input and output shafts are coaxial (i.e., on the same axis).
Commonly used in clocks where the hour and minute hands are mounted on the same axis but rotate at different speeds.		 Comments Active
86 The resultant of two forces ‘P’ and ‘Q’ acting at an angle between them \('θ'\) \(P^{2}+Q^{2}+PQcosθ\) \( P^{2}+Q^{2}+2PQcosθ\) \( P^{2}+Q^{2}-2PQcosθ\) \( P^{2}+Q^{2}-PQcosθ\) b To calculate the resultant force when two forces P and Q act at an angle 0, we use the law of cosines:
\(R= P^{2}+Q^{2} +2PQ cosθ\)
Where:
P and Q are the magnitudes of the two forces
is the angle between them
This equation gives the magnitude of the resultant force when the two forces are acting at an angle θ.		 Comments Active
87 The motion of a bicycle wheel is _______. Translatory Rotary Rotary and translatory Curvilinear c The motion of a bicycle wheel is a combination of:
Rotary motion: The wheel rotates about its axis as the bicycle moves forward.
Translatory motion: The entire bicycle (and wheel) moves forward in a straight line.
This type of motion, where both rotation and translation occur simultaneously, is known as rotary and translatory motion.		 Comments Active
88 Two shafts are connected by two pulleys of same radius ‘R’ by an open belt drive. The distance between the centre of the two pulleys is ‘L’. What length of belt will be required to connect them? 2 πR + 2L πR + 2L 2 πR + L πR + L a The length of the belt in an open belt drive system can be calculated by considering:
The circumference of the pulleys: 2R for each pulley. \(Ï€\)
The two straight sections: The total length of the straight sections between the pulleys is 2L (since the distance between the centers is L).
The formula for the total length of the belt is:
Belt length = 2R + 2L \(Ï€\)		 Comments Active
89 The angle of cam turn during which the follower rises, is known as _____. Angle of ascent Angle of dwell Angle of descent Angle of action a In cam-follower mechanisms:
The angle of ascent is the angle through which the cam rotates while the follower rises.
The angle of descent refers to follower returning to its original position (falling).
The angle of dwell is when the follower remains stationary while the cam rotates.
The angle of action is the total angle during which the follower is in motion (ascent + descent).		 Comments Active
90 Static balancing means balancing of ________. Couples Masses Distance Forces d Static balance → balancing of forces
Dynamic balance → balancing of forces and couples (moments)		 Comments Active
91 Power of a governor is calculated by which one of the following expression? Effort × displacement Effort/Displacement Effort × height of governor Weight of governor × height of the governor a Power of a governor = Effort × sleeve displacement Comments Active
92 A four bar chain becomes a slider crank chain when its one of the turning pairs is replaced by _______. Rolling pair Sliding pair Screw pair Spherical pair b A four-bar chain consists of four links connected by four turning pairs (revolute joints).
When one of these turning pairs is replaced with a sliding pair, the mechanism becomes a slider-crank chain.
A slider-crank mechanism typically includes:
One sliding pair (between piston and cylinder)
Three revolute pairs (at crank, connecting rod, and frame)
This mechanism is widely used in IC engines.		 Comments Active
93 Two spur gears have a velocity ratio of 1/3. The driven gear has 72 teeth of 8 mm module and rotates at 300 rpm. The number of teeth of the driver is _______. 20 22 24 30 c Step 1: Understand the given data
Velocity Ratio (V.R.) = 1/3
\(→i.e.,\)
\(\frac{N_{driver}}{N_{driven}}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Driven gear:
Teeth = 72 \(T_{dtiven}\)
Speed =300rpm \(N_{driven}\)
Module = 8mm (not required for this particular calculation unless diameter is needed)
Step 2: Use velocity ratio formula for gears
\(Velocity Ratio=\frac{T_{driven}}{T_{driver}}\)
\(\frac{1}{3}=\frac{72}{T_{driver}}\)
Solve for : \(T_{driver}\)
\(T_{driver}=72×3=24\)		 Comments Active
94 Hartnel Governor is a ________ Type of governor. Spring loaded Dead weight Inertia Pendulum a The Hartnell governor is a centrifugal governor in which:
The balls are connected to a spring-loaded mechanism.
The spring provides the controlling force instead of gravity or dead weights.
As engine speed changes, the centrifugal force moves the balls, compressing or relaxing the spring to adjust the fuel supply.
This makes it a spring-loaded type governor used in high-speed engines.		 Comments Active
95 Crowning of pulleys helps _____ In increasing velocity ratio In decreasing the slip of belt In automotive adjustment of belt position so that belt runs properly In increasing belt & pulley life c Crowning of a pulley means the slightly convex shape (raised center) on the pulley face.
This design automatically centers the belt while running.
The belt tends to move towards the higher (crowned) part of the pulley due to the natural tension distribution, helping it stay aligned and run smoothly.
So, crowning does not directly increase velocity ratio or decrease slip significantly — it mainly keeps the belt centered.		 Comments Active
96 A point on a link connecting double slider crank chain traces ________. A hyperbola A circle A parabola An ellipse d ï‚· A double slider crank chain is a kinematic chain with two sliding pairs and two turning pairs.
ï‚· A classic example is the elliptical trammel, also known as the Trammel of Archimedes.
ï‚· In this mechanism, a point on the connecting link (between the two sliders) traces an elliptical path.		 Comments Active
97 In case of screw jack, the condition of maximum efficiency is given by ______.
Where and are helix angle and angle of friction respectively. \('α'\) \('Φ'\)		 \(α=45°+\frac{ϕ}{2}\) \( α=45°-\frac{ϕ}{2}\) \( α=60°+\frac{ϕ}{2}\) \( α=60°+\frac{ϕ}{2}\) a Max efficiency occurs when:
\(α=45°-\frac{ϕ}{2}\)		 Comments Active
98 An ideal machine is one whose efficiency is ______. Between 60% and 70% Between 70% and 80% Between 80% and 930% 100% d An ideal machine is a theoretical concept in which:
There is no energy loss due to friction, heat, or deformation.
The output work = input work, hence:
\(Efficiency=\frac{Output Work}{Input Work}×100=100%\)
In real machines, efficiency is always less than 100% due to energy losses.		 Comments Active
99 The Poisson’s ratio for steel varies from ___________. 0.25 to 0.35 0.10 to 0.18 0.40 to 0.44 0.50 to 0.59 a oisson’s ratio (ν) is the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain in a material subjected to axial loading.
For steel, the typical Poisson’s ratio lies in the range of:

For design and analysis, it's often assumed as 0.3 for steel.		 Comments Active
100 The maximum efficiency of a screw jack is ______ where is angle of limiting friction. \('θ'\) \(\frac{1-sinθ}{1+sinθ}\) \(\frac{1+sinθ}{1-sinθ}\) \(\frac{1-tanθ}{1+tanθ}\) \(\frac{1+tanθ}{1-tanθ}\) a We know that
\(Efficiency of Screw Jack=\frac{Ideal effort (without friction)}{Actual effort (with friction)}\)
\(η=\frac{tanα}{tan(α+θ)}\)
For maximum efficiency (Helix angle) \(θ=α\)
\(η=\frac{tanθ}{tan2θ}\)
\(η=\frac{tanθ}{\frac{2tanθ}{1-tan^{2}θ}}\)
After solving
\(η=\frac{1-sinθ}{1+sinθ}\)		 Comments Active
101 Two shafts connected through cross belt drive rotate Parallel and in same direction Parallel and in opposite direction Perpendicular and in opposite direction Perpendicular and in same direction b In a cross belt drive, the belt crosses over itself between the driver and driven pulleys.
This results in the rotation of the driven shaft in the opposite direction to the driver.
Both shafts remain parallel.
So:
Shafts → parallel
Rotation → opposite directions
This setup is used when a reversal of rotation is desired.		 Comments Active
102 Which types of gears are used for converting rotary motion into linear motion? Spur gear Worm & worm gear Rack and pinion Bevel gear c The rack and pinion gear system is specifically designed to convert:
Rotary motion (from the pinion, which is a round gear)
Into linear motion (of the rack, which is a flat gear with teeth)		 Comments Active
103 Which of the following is not an assumption in truss analysis? Each member of the truss is connected at its end by frictionless pin. The truss is loaded as well as supported only at this joints. The forces in the members of truss are axial only. The forces in the members of truss are circumferential only. d In classical truss analysis, the standard assumptions include:
Pin-jointed connections: All members are connected at their ends by frictionless pins.
Loading only at joints: No loads act along the length of members — all loads and reactions act only at joints.
Axial force members: Each member carries only axial force (tension or compression), not bending or shear.
But:
Circumferential forces refer to forces along a curved path, which are not applicable to straight truss members.Thus, option (d) is incorrect and not an assumption in truss theory.		 Comments Active
104 Four pulleys arranged to form the first order of the pulley of which 03 of them are movable pulleys. If the efficiency of the system is 90%, the effort required to raise a load of 3 kN will be 374 N 417 N 474 N 517 N a Given that
Number of movable pulleys = 3
Efficiency (η) = 90%
Load (W) = 3 kN = 3000 N
Effort (P)=?
In a first-order pulley system with movable pulleys velocity ratio (VR) is given by \(n\)
\(VR=2^{n}=2^{3}=8\)
We know that
\(Efficiency=\frac{MA}{VR}×100=\frac{\frac{load}{effort}}{VR}×100\)
\(90=\frac{\frac{3000}{P}}{8}×100\)
\(P=\frac{3000}{8×90}×100\)
\(P=416.667~417 N\)		 Comments Active
105 In a machine, it was found that the effort had to move through a distance of 250 mm to lift the load by 5 mm. Load of 40000 N was raised by an effort of 1000 N by this machine. What will be the efficiency of machine? 40% 125% 80% 50% c Distance moved by effort = 250 mm
Distance moved by load = 5 mm
Load = 40000 N
Effort = 1000 N
We know that
\(Mechanical Advantage (MA)=\frac{Load}{Effort}=\frac{40000}{1000}=40\)
\(Velocity Ratio (VR)=\frac{distance moved by effort}{distance moved by load}=\frac{250}{5}=50\)
Also
\(Efficiency=\frac{MA}{VR}×100=\frac{40}{50}×100=80%\)		 Comments Active
106 If the three coplanar forces acting on a point are in equilibrium, each force is proportional to the sine of the angle between the other two. It is according to the _______. D’ Alembert’s principle Lami’s theorem’ Verignon’s theorem Law of triangle of forces b Lami's Theorem states that:
If three coplanar forces acting on a body are in equilibrium, then each force is proportional to the sine of the angle between the other two forces.
Mathematically:
\(\frac{A}{sinα}=\frac{B}{sinβ}=\frac{C}{sinγ}\)
Where A, B, and C are the three forces, and α, β, y are the angles opposite to the respective forces.		 Comments Active
107 A material has a Young’s modulus of and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.25. Calculate modulus of rigidity. \(1.25×10^{5} N/mm^{2}\) \(1×10^{5} N/mm^{2}\) \(2×10^{5} N/mm^{2}\) \(5×10^{4} N/mm^{2}\) \(1.5×10^{5} N/mm^{2}\) c the formula
\(G=\frac{E}{2(1+μ)}\)
Substitute the values:
\(E=1.25 ×10^{5}N/mm^{2},\) \(μ=0.25\)
= \(G=\frac{1.25×10^{5}}{2(1+0.25)} \) \(\frac{1.25×10^{5}}{2.5}=5×10^{4}N/mm^{2}\)		 Comments Active
108 The planes which have _______ are known as principal planes. No shear stresses No tensile stresses No compressive stresses Shear and tensile stresses a Principal planes are those planes in a stressed body where shear stress is zero and normal stress (tensile or compressive) is maximum or minimum.
On these planes, only normal stresses act — hence they are important in failure analysis and material design.
Other options are incorrect:
Tensile or compressive stresses can exist on principal planes.
The key characteristic is the absence of shear stress.		 Comments Active
109 Which of the following materials is most elastic? Rubber Plastic Brass Steel d Comparative Modulus of Elasticity:
Steel: Very high (~200 GPa) → high elasticity
Rubber: Very low (~0.01–0.1 GPa) → stretches easily but not truly elastic
Plastic: Low elasticity, often deforms permanently
Brass: Lower elasticity than steel		 Comments Active
110 Which type of spring is used in suspension of heavy trucks? Laminated Closed oil Helical Open coil a Heavy trucks almost always use laminated leaf springs (multiple steel plates “laminated” together). This construction can carry very large static and dynamic loads, spreads stresses over a long span, and is rugged enough for roughroad service. Comments Active
111 Euler’s buckling load for a column fixed at both ends is \(\frac{π^{2}EI}{l^{2}}\) \(\frac{2π^{2}EI}{l^{2}}\) \(\frac{4π^{2}EI}{l^{2}}\) \(\frac{3π^{2}EI}{l^{2}}\) c For both ends fixed, the effective length is:
\(L_{eff }=\frac{L}{2}\)
Substituting in Euler's formula:
\(P_{cr}=\frac{Ï€^{2}EI}{(\frac{L}{2})^{2}}=\frac{4Ï€^{2}EI}{L^{2}}\)		 Comments Active
112 Mohr’s circle can be used to determine the following stresses induced on an inclined surface Principal stresses Normal stresses Resultant stresses All options are correct c The coefficient of friction (μ) is a dimensionless number that quantifies the resistance to sliding between two surfaces. It depends primarily on:
The material properties (smoothness/roughness, hardness)
The type of surfaces in contact (e.g., steel on rubber, wood on metal)
It does not depend on:
Contact area (for dry friction, assuming uniform pressure)
Shape or strength of the surface
Thus, nature or type of surface materials directly influences friction.		 Comments Active
113 The coefficient of friction depends upon _______. Area of contact Shape of surface Strength of surface Nature of surface d The coefficient of friction (μ) is a material property that depends on:
Surface texture (rough or smooth)
Material pair (e.g., steel on wood, rubber on concrete)
Presence of lubrication
Cleanliness of the surfaces		 Comments Active
114 The ratio of linear stress to the linear strain is called _________. Modulus of rigidity Modulus of elasticity Bulk modulus Poisson’s ratio b Comments Active
115 The Rankine formula holds good for _______. Short column only Long column only Both short and long columns Weak column c The Rankine formula is a semi-empirical formula used to predict the buckling load of columns of all lengths, combining both:
Euler’s theory (for long/slender columns), and
Crushing load theory (for short/stubby columns).
It provides accurate results for intermediate columns, where neither Euler's nor crushing load formula alone gives reliable results.
Hence, it is applicable to both short and long columns.		 Comments Active
116 The maximum bending moment of a simply supported beam of length and load ‘w’ acting at mid – point of beam is _______. \('l'\) \(\frac{wl}{4}\) \(\frac{wl}{2}\) \(wl\)
xxww(d) \(\frac{wl^{2}}{4}\)
x
x
w
w		 a l/2l/2l/2l/2
l/2
l/2
l/2
l/2
xxW/2W/2W/2W/2
x
x
W/2
W/2
W/2
W/2
After taking moment about any point we can calculate the reactions which will come out w/2 and w/2 at both the end of beam.
Now writing bending moment equation taking section x-x
\(M_{x}=\frac{w}{2}×x\)
At \(x=\frac{l}{2}(mid point)\)
\(M_{x=l/2}=\frac{w}{2}×\frac{l}{2}\)
\(M_{max}=\frac{wl}{4}\)		 Comments Active
117 The total strain energy stored in a specimen before fracture in tensile testing is called ______. Resilience Impact energy Strain energy None of these a If "before fracture” means up to elastic limit
Then the question refers to:
Elastic strain energy which is nothing but the “Resilience”		 Comments Active
118 The locus of the instantaneous center of a moving body is Straight line Involute Centroid Spiral c The instantaneous center of a simple rotating body moves in such a way that its path aligns with the centroidal path (i.e., the center of mass moves along a trajectory, and the ICR traces a similar path). Comments Active
119 Deflection of simply supported beam is maximum where slope of a deflection is _____ Zero Maximum Double None of these a In a simply supported beam, the maximum deflection occurs at the point of zero slope. This is because:
Slope (dy/dx) is the rate of change of deflection.
At the point of maximum deflection, the tangent to the deflection curve is horizontal, meaning the slope is zero.
On either side of this point, the beam is either curving up or down.
This condition is similar to a turning point in a curve, where the first derivative is zero.		 Comments Active
120 A spring used to absorb shocks and vibrations in heavy vehicle is ________. Spiral spring Torsion spring Leaf spring Disc spring c Leaf Spring:
Most commonly used in heavy vehicles (like trucks, buses, trailers).
Consists of multiple layers (leaves) of metal strips clamped together.
Absorbs shocks and vibrations caused by road irregularities.
Provides a smooth ride and maintains vehicle height under load.		 Comments Active
121 The polar moment of inertia of hollow shaft with outer diameter = D and inner diameter = d, is expressed as ______. \(\frac{Ï€}{16} (D^{3}-d^{3})\) \(\frac{Ï€}{16} (D^{4}-d^{4})\) \(\frac{Ï€}{32} (D^{4}-d^{4})\) \(\frac{Ï€}{64}(D^{4}-d^{4})\) c The polar moment of inertia (J) for a hollow shaft is calculated using the formula:
\(J=\frac{Ï€}{32}(D^{4}-d^{4})\)
Where:
D is the outer diameter of the hollow shaft,
d is the inner diameter of the hollow shaft.
This formula accounts for the material distribution in the shaft and is used to calculate the shaft's resistance to torsional deformation.		 Comments Active
122 The slenderness ratio for long column is ________. Less than 32 applies to short columns with low slenderness. 50 – 60 is typical for moderately slender columns. 40 – 50 80 – 100 is the correct range for long columns, often leading to buckling. d For a long column, the slenderness ratio typically ranges between 80 and 100, depending on the column's length and cross-sectional shape. Comments Active
123 The SI units for shear stress and normal stress are _____ and ____ respectively. N/m2, N/m2 N, N N, N/m2 kg/m2, kg/m2 a ï‚· Shear stress and normal stress both measure the intensity of force applied per unit area. Their units are the same because they both represent force divided by area.
 The SI unit for force is Newton (N), and the SI unit for area is square meters (m²). Therefore, the units for both shear stress and normal stress are N/m².		 Comments Active
124 A simply supported beam is shown below:
The reaction force at ‘A’ and ‘C’ will be
 4 kN, 4kN 5kN, 5kN 2.5 kN, 2.5 kN 20 kN, 20 kN c From fig it is clear that \(R_{A}+R_{B}=5 kN\)
Taking moment about point A
\(8×R_{B}=5×4 \)
\(R_{A}=2.5 kN\)
\(R_{B}=2.5 kN\)		 Comments Active
125 Hooke’s law is valid till _______. Elastic limit Proportional limit Maximum stress Fracture stress b Hooke's law states that the stress applied to a material is directly proportional to the strain produced, as long as the material remains in the elastic region. The proportionality between stress and strain holds true only up to the proportional limit, which is the point beyond which the material no longer obeys Hooke's law and may experience non-linear behavior or permanent deformation. Comments Active
126 The unit of strain is _________. N/m2 N/m N – m It has no unit d \(Strain=\frac{Change in Length }{Original Length}\)
Since both the numerator and denominator represent lengths (with units of meters), strain itself has no units.		 Comments Active
127 In case of thin cylinder, the ratio of circumferential stress to longitudinal stress would be 0.3 2 3 0.4 b the ratio of circumferential stress to longitudinal stress is:
\(\frac{σ circumferential}{σ longitudinal}=\frac{\frac{ρr}{t}}{\frac{pr}{2t}}=2\)		 Comments Active
128 For a Poisson’s ratio 0.4, the ratio of bulk modulus to modulus of rigidity would be 8/3 10/3 14/3 1.0 a The relation between bulk modulus (K), modulus of rigidity (G), and Poisson's ratio (v) is given by the following formula:
\(\frac{K}{G}=\frac{3(1-2v)}{2(1+v)}\)
Substituting the value of Poisson's ratio v = 0.4
\(\frac{K}{G}=\frac{3(1-2(0.4))}{2(1+0.4)}=\frac{3(1-0.8)}{2(1.4)}=\frac{3(0.2)}{2(1.4)}=\frac{0.6}{2.8}=\frac{8}{3}\)		 Comments Active
129 Which one of the following is correct relation between effective length and actual length of a column having one end fixed and one end hinged?
(L = effective length; = actual length of column) \(l\)		 \(L=\frac{l}{2}\) \(L=\frac{l}{2}\) \(L=2l\) \(L=l\) a For a column with one end fixed and the other end hinged, the effective length (L) is related to the actual length (l) by the following formula: \( L=\frac{l}{2}\)
This is because the column's behavior under axial load depends on the boundary conditions, and for this particular arrangement, the fixed end provides more resistance to deflection compared to the hinged end.		 Comments Active
130 For a given material, the value of Poisson’s ratio _____ Increases with increase in force Remains always constant Decrease with increase in force Depends on the weight of body b Poisson's ratio (denoted as ν) is a material property that represents the ratio of the lateral strain to the longitudinal strain when the material is subjected to axial loading. For a given material, Poisson's ratio is typically constant and does not change with applied force, provided the material remains within its elastic limit (i.e., it does not undergo plastic deformation). Comments Active
131 If cross – sectional area of a bar is doubled and tensile force is increased four times, then normal stress Will be doubled Will be four times Will become half Will be eight times a We know that \(σ=\frac{F}{A}\)
Or \(\frac{σ_{1}}{σ_{2}}=\frac{F_{1}}{F_{2}}×\frac{A_{2}}{A_{1}}\)
\(\frac{σ_{1}}{σ_{2}}=\frac{F}{4F}×\frac{2A}{A}\)
\(σ_{2}=2σ_{1}\)		 Comments Active
132 Modulus of elasticity of steel is about _______. 20.5 GN/m2 205 MN/m2 205 GN/m2 2.05 GN/m2 c The modulus of elasticity (also known as Young's modulus) of steel is approximately 205 GN/m² Comments Active
133 If the power transmitted by a shaft is 10𝛑 kW and torque is 15 kN – m, then RPM will be _____. 10π 20 10 20π b \(∴P= \frac{2πNT}{60}\)
where T = Torque in kN-m, N = RPM, P = Power in kW
So, N = 20		 Comments Active
134 Core prints are used for Fastening two pieces: This is not the primary function of core prints. Directional solidification: Core prints don't play a direct role in controlling the direction of solidification. Supporting the core Controlling the shrinkage: Shrinkage is managed by other factors, like gating and cooling methods, not core prints. c Core prints are projections or supports in the pattern used in casting to properly position and support the core within the mold. The core is used to create internal cavities or passages in the cast product, and the core prints ensure that it is securely placed and supported during the pouring of the molten metal. Comments Active
135 Which of the following factors influence plant layout? Management policy only Manufacturing process only Nature of product only All of these d Plant layout is influenced by several factors, including:
Management policy: Decisions on organizational structure, efficiency goals, cost considerations, and space utilization all play a role in how a plant is laid out.
Manufacturing process: The type of production process (e.g., continuous, batch, job-shop) determines how machinery, equipment, and workstations are arranged.
Nature of product: The size, shape, and complexity of the product influence how the plant is organized to optimize flow, storage, and handling.
Thus, all of these factors contribute to the design and layout of a plant.		 Comments Active
136 Economic lot size of an item depends on which of the following? Possibility of placing repeat order only Nature of demand only Availability of discount only All of these d The economic lot size (or economic order quantity - EOQ) is determined by various factors, including:
Possibility of placing repeat orders: If repeat orders are feasible, it might reduce the need to order large quantities at once.
Nature of demand: The demand pattern, whether constant or fluctuating, directly impacts how much inventory should be ordered to balance ordering and holding costs.
Availability of discounts: Suppliers may offer discounts for ordering in larger quantities, which could make ordering larger lots more cost-effective.		 Comments Active
137 If large frequent orders are placed, which of the following cost would be high? Cost of ordering Cost of delivery Cost of storage Cost of inspection c If we consider frequent orders ⇒
Inventory is high, so:
Storage/holding costs ↑
Risk of obsolescence ↑
Warehouse space usage ↑➡️ So, (c) Cost of storage is high		 Comments Active
138 Which of the following is not a direct inventory? Raw material Purchased parts Finished goods Tools d Direct Inventory refers to items that:
Are directly used in the production of goods
Become part of the final product (or are necessary components)
Included in Direct Inventory
Raw materials – e.g., steel, plastic
Purchased parts – e.g., bolts, bearings
Finished goods – completed products ready for sale
Indirect Inventory refers to items that:
Are indirectly used in the production of goods. They are also called MRO: Maintenance, Repair, and Operating supplies)
Used to facilitate production, but do not become part of the product
Examples: spanners, cutting tools, jigs, fixtures		 Comments Active
139 The first free trade zone in India was established at _______. Kochi Goa Mumbai Chennai a The first free trade zone in India was established at Kochi in Kerala in 1981. It was set up to promote international trade, attract foreign investments, and boost export-oriented industries. Comments Active
140 Percentile idle time for men or machines is found by Work sampling Time study Method study ABC analysis a Work sampling is a technique used to estimate the proportion of time that workers or machines are idle, busy, or performing other tasks. It involves randomly observing and recording the activities of workers or machines at various times and then analyzing the data to calculate the percentage of idle time.
Time study is used to measure the time taken for specific tasks.
Method study focuses on analyzing and improving work methods.
ABC analysis is related to inventory management and categorizing items based on value or frequency of use.		 Comments Active
141 MIS stands for Military Inspection Scheme Management Intelligence System Management Information System Management Information Service c MIS (Management Information System) refers to a system used by organizations to collect, process, store, and analyze information to help in decision-making and managing operations effectively. It provides necessary data and reports to managers for planning, controlling, and making informed decisions. Comments Active
142 Gross National Product means Total earning of all citizens Total value of goods produced in a country Total value of gold existing in a country Total tax paid by all citizens a Gross National Product includes:
Income earned by nationals abroad
Excludes income earned by foreigners within the country
So, it reflects the total earnings of a nation’s citizens — both domestically and internationally.
However, answer given by UKPSC is option (b), which is wrong.		 Comments Active
143 Which of the chart deals with material handling and plant location? Travel chart Gantt chart Emerson chart Bin chart a A Travel chart is used to analyze and optimize the movement of materials within a plant or facility. It helps in understanding the distance traveled and the flow of materials through different sections of the plant, aiding in plant location and material handling optimization. Comments Active
144 Standard time is ________. Normal time + allowances Normal time + idle time + allowances Normal time + idle time Only normal time for an operation a Standard time is the time required to perform an operation, including allowances for rest, delays, and other factors that affect productivity. It is calculated as:
Standard time = Normal time + Allowances
Normal time is the time taken to perform the task under normal working conditions without interruptions.
Allowances include time for rest, personal needs, machine breakdowns, and other unforeseen events.		 Comments Active
145 Micro motion study involves ________ number of fundamental hand motion. 20 16 12 8 b Micro motion study is a technique used to analyze the motions involved in a task, breaking them down into basic elements. The study identifies 16 fundamental hand motions, which are categorized as basic movements that make up the task. These include motions like reaching, grasping, holding, moving, and releasing. Comments Active
146 Reorder point is expressed as ________. Maximum Inventory + (Procurement time × Consumption rate) Minimum Inventory + (Procurement time × Consumption rate) Minimum Inventory – (Procurement time × Consumption rate) Procurement time × Consumption rate b Reorder point = Minimum Inventory + (Procurement time × Consumption rate) Comments Active
147 Defective routing may not result in the _________. Increase in the cost of material handling Slow down of the rate of production Prolonged processing time Improvement in productivity d Defective routing refers to the improper or inefficient path taken by materials or work through a production process. This typically leads to negative impacts, including:
Increase in the cost of material handling: Inefficient routing requires more effort, time, and resources to move materials, which increases handling costs.
Slow down of the rate of production: When routing is defective, it causes delays and bottlenecks, slowing down the production process.
Prolonged processing time: Defective routing leads to delays in moving materials from one process step to another, increasing the overall processing time.
However, defective routing will not result in improvement in productivity. In fact, it leads to inefficiencies and decreased productivity.		 Comments Active
148 Which of the following material handling device is used for transporting the material in horizontal direction? Hoists Elevation Overhead cranes Hand and power trucks d Hand and Power Trucks (like pallet trucks, forklifts):
Specifically designed for horizontal movement of materials over short distances.
Common in warehouses and shop floors.
Can be operated manually or with power assistance.		 Comments Active
149 Which of the following is/are methods of sales forecasting? Survey of experts’ opinion method only Sales force composite method only Market share method only All of these d Sales forecasting is the process of predicting future sales using various methods. Some of the common methods include:
Survey of experts’ opinion method: This method involves gathering opinions from experts in the field, such as sales managers, to predict future sales.
Sales force composite method: In this method, the sales force provides their individual forecasts, which are then combined to estimate future sales.
Market share method: This method is based on estimating the market share of the company and projecting it against the expected market size.
All of these methods are widely used for sales forecasting, and each has its own strengths depending on the type of data available and the industry in question.		 Comments Active
150 Which one of the following is not a symptom of bad layout? Excessive amount of work in process Poor utilization of space Heavy work piece Long transportation lines c Fixed layout is used for heavy workpieces — and that’s why option (c) is not a symptom of bad layout. Comments Active
151 Which one of the following tool is not used in layout planning? Operation process charts Flow process charts Flow diagrams Principal charts d In layout planning, tools are used to help design and organize the flow of materials, information, or workstations within a facility. The commonly used tools include:
Operation process charts: Help visualize the sequence of operations, aiding in process layout design.
Flow process charts: Represent the flow of materials or operations, useful for designing an efficient layout.
Flow diagrams: Used to show the physical layout and movement of materials through a facility.		 Comments Active
152 Which of the following is a control chart by attributes? - chart \(X\) R - chart CUSUM chart p – chart d A control chart by attributes is used when the data is categorized into discrete outcomes or counts, such as defective items or the number of defects.
p-chart: This is a control chart for proportions and is used when monitoring the fraction of defective items in a sample, making it an attribute-based chart. It deals with yes/no type data (defective or non-defective).		 Comments Active
153 Quality may be expressed as Performance × Expectation Expectation/Performance Performance/Expectation None of these c Quality is often evaluated by comparing actual performance with the expected performance. In this context:
Performance/Expectation: If the actual performance of a product or service meets or exceeds customer expectations, the quality is considered high.
The ratio of performance to expectation helps to quantify whether the product/service meets the expected standards.		 Comments Active
154 Material handling in Automobile industry is done by _____. Trolley Belt conveyer Overhead cranes All of these d Equipment
Use in Automobile Industry
Trolley
For manual transport of small parts or assemblies between workstations
Belt Conveyor
For continuous movement of components on assembly lines
Overhead Cranes
For lifting and moving heavy components, like engines, chassis, or vehicle bodies
Hence, all of these are employed in different stages of manufacturing and assembly.
However, answer given in UKPSC answer key is option (c), which is wrong.		 Comments Active
155 One time Measurement Unit (TMU) in method time measurement system equals 1 minute 0.0006 minute 0.006 minute 0.01 minute b In the Method Time Measurement (MTM) system, the Time Measurement Unit (TMU) is a basic unit of time used for analyzing and measuring work processes.
1 TMU is equivalent to 0.0006 minutes or 0.036 seconds.
This unit helps in estimating the time required to perform various elements of a task in work measurement systems.		 Comments Active
156 Most of the textile mills are situated at Mumbai and Ahmedabad because textile mills require _______. Cold climate Moist climate Hot climate Transport facility b Textile mills require a moist climate because moisture in the air helps in reducing the breakage of fibers and improves the weaving process. Both Mumbai and Ahmedabad have a humid, moist climate that is favorable for the textile industry.
Moist climate prevents the yarn from becoming too brittle, improving the quality of textiles.
These cities are also well-connected with transport facilities (ports, roads, and railways), which further supports the industry.
While transport facilities are important, the primary factor is the moist climate that helps in the textile manufacturing process.		 Comments Active
157 Which of the following cost is not included in total inventory cost? Ordering cost Shortage cost Inventory carrying cost Inspection cost d Inspection cost is generally considered a part of quality control or production cost, not inventory cost.
It occurs after receipt or during manufacturing, not directly linked to inventory holding or ordering.
Therefore, it's not typically included in the calculation of total inventory cost in inventory management models like EOQ.		 Comments Active
158 Which of the following is not the function of planning phase of PPC? Process planning and control Material control Scheduling Expediting d The planning phase of Production Planning and Control (PPC) focuses on activities that are to be done before the actual production begins. These include:
Process planning and control – Deciding how the product will be manufactured.
Material control – Ensuring required materials are available when needed.
Scheduling – Setting timelines for various operations.		 Comments Active
159 The symbol used for transport in work study is _______. a Method Study Symbols
Operation
Inspection
Transport
Delay
Storage 		Comments Active
160 Father of time study was _____. F.W. Taylor H.L. Gantt F.B. Gilberth R.M. Barnes a Frederick Winslow Taylor (F.W. Taylor) is known as the Father of Scientific Management and is also credited as the Father of Time Study.
He was the first to systematically study work with a stopwatch, breaking tasks into small parts and timing them to find the most efficient way to perform a job.
His pioneering work laid the foundation for modern industrial engineering, work measurement, and efficiency improvement techniques.		 Comments Active
161 Which of the following factor comes under economic factors to be considered in material handling problem? Nature of materials to be handled Initial cost of equipment Building construction Layout of work piece b In solving material handling problems, factors are generally categorized into engineering and economic aspects.
Initial cost of equipment is a purely economic factor, as it directly affects the budget, return on investment (ROI), and cost-benefit analysis during system selection or installation.		 Comments Active
162 Helmets or hats are used for protection of ________. Head Eye Hand and arm Foot and leg a Helmets or safety hats are a form of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) specifically designed to protect the head from:
Falling objects
Impact injuries
Electrical hazards (for insulated helmets)
Bumps or collisions in tight spaces		 Comments Active
163 Class C fires occur in _____. Wood – Class A fire (ordinary combustibles) Cloth – Class A fire (textiles) Gasoline – Class B fire (flammable liquids) Electric switch d These fires are caused by energized electrical sources and should never be extinguished with water or water-based extinguishers, as this can cause electrocution.
Let’s review the other options:		 Comments Active
164 Industrial Legislation Act is not based on which of the following principle? Productivity International uniformity & solidarity Social equality Social justice a The Industrial Legislation Acts are primarily concerned with:
Social justice – ensuring fair treatment to workers.
Social equality – reducing disparity between employer and employee.
International uniformity & solidarity – aligning with global labor standards (e.g., ILO conventions).
These laws aim to protect labor rights, improve working conditions, and promote fairness, not directly enhance productivity.
While productivity may indirectly benefit, it is not a foundational principle behind the creation of industrial legislation.		 Comments Active
165 The time delay between placing an order and receipt of delivery is called ______. Replenishment time Lead time Planning time Review time b Lead time is the total time taken from the moment an order is placed with a supplier until the goods are received and ready for use. It includes:
Order processing time
Manufacturing time (if applicable)
Shipping or transportation time
Inspection and receiving time		 Comments Active
166 Choose the incorrect statement regarding effect of noise on human beings: Disturbs sleep Damages hearing It does not lead to fatigue and the efficiency of a person exposed to noise increases It is the cause of industrial accidents c noise does lead to mental and physical fatigue, increases stress, and reduces work efficiency. Comments Active
167 Which of the following is not an engineering factor for solving material handling problem? Nature of materials and products to be handled Building construction Production process and equipment Cost of installation d In the context of material handling system design, engineering factors typically include:
Nature of materials and products (e.g., size, shape, weight, fragility)
Building construction (e.g., layout, floor strength, ceiling height)
Production process and equipment (e.g., machines used, workflow)
These are technical or engineering-related considerations that influence the design and implementation of a material handling system.
However, the cost of installation is a financial or economic factor, not an engineering one. While important in decision-making, it does not directly influence the technical or structural design of the system.		 Comments Active
168 Fundamental tool in work study is Process chart Graph paper Stop watch Planning chart c Work study combines two main techniques: method study and time study. A stopwatch is essential for time study, where the duration of specific work elements is measured precisely to determine efficiency.  Comments Active
169 The technique of work measurement are Stop watch time study only Work sampling only Analytical estimating only All of these d Work measurement refers to the process of determining the time required for a qualified worker to complete a task using a defined method. Several techniques are used for this purpose:
Stopwatch Time Study – Traditional method involving direct observation and timing of tasks.
Work Sampling – A statistical technique to estimate the proportion of time spent on various activities.
Analytical Estimating – Used when it is not practical to observe the task; time is estimated based on known standards or past experience.		 Comments Active
170 Which chart is used to represent the number of defectives in the output of any process? X – bar chart R – chart C – chart p – chart d A p-chart (proportion chart) is used to monitor the proportion or percentage of defective items in a process. It is particularly useful when the sample size varies and you are tracking the number of defective units (not the number of defects). Comments Active
171 Polar moment of inertia of a circular shaft of radius ‘r’ will be _______. \(\frac{πr^{4}}{2}\) \(\frac{πr^{4}}{16}\) \( \frac{πr^{4}}{4}\) \( \frac{πr^{4}}{32}\) a = \( I_{p}\) \(\frac{πd^{4}}{32}\) \(\frac{πr^{4}}{2}\) Comments Active
172 Equivalent stiffness of the following system will be:
 \(K_{1}+K_{2}\) \(\frac{(K_{1}+K_{2})}{2}\) \(\frac{(K_{1}K_{2})}{(K_{1}+K_{2})}\) \(K_{1}+K_{2}\) c Springs in series:
\(\frac{1}{k_{e}}=\frac{1}{k_{1}}+\frac{1}{k_{2}}\)
Springs in parallel:
\(k_{e}=k_{1}+k_{2}\)
In above question series combination is given , so = \(k_{eq}\) \(\frac{k_{1}k_{2}}{k_{1}+k_{2}}\)		 Comments Active
173 Factor of safety is defined as Working stress/ultimate stress Working stress × ultimate stress Ultimate stress/working stress working stress × ultimate stress \(\frac{1}{2} ×\) c FOS = \(\frac{Ultimate stress}{working stress}\) Comments Active
174 For which of the following sub – groups size, R – chart is most suitable? Less than 10 More than 10 but less than 20 More than 20 but less than 50 More than 50 but less than 100 a The R-chart (Range Chart) is a control chart used to monitor the variation in a process when the sub-group size is small, typically less than 10. It measures the range (difference between the highest and lowest values) within each sub-group.
For small sample sizes (n < 10), the range is an effective and simple measure of variability.
When sample sizes are larger, the standard deviation (σ) becomes a more reliable measure, and thus the s-chart (standard deviation chart) is preferred.
So, the R-chart is most suitable when the sub-group size is less than 10.		 Comments Active
175 Which of the following plant layout is more flexible? Product layout Process layout Cellular layout Fixed layout b A process layout (also called functional layout) groups similar machines or processes together in departments (e.g., drilling, milling, grinding). This layout is typically used in job shops or batch production systems, where product variety is high.
Why it's more flexible:
Can handle a wide variety of products or custom orders
Machines are not arranged in sequence, so operations can be scheduled in many combinations
Easy to adjust to design or volume changes
Note:
For general manufacturing flexibility, (b) Process layout is more flexible.For automated, modern production of similar parts, (c) Cellular layout is flexible within limits.
Since the question does not specify FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System), and asks about "more flexible" in general terms so answer should be option (b).		 Comments Active
176 Monel metal is an alloy of Nickel and chromium Nickel and copper Nickel and iron Copper and chromium b Monel metal is a corrosion-resistant alloy primarily composed of: Nickel and Copper, with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon. Comments Active
177 An inventory that consists of materials actually being worked on or moving between work centres is called _______. Seasonal inventory Safety inventory Transit inventory Decoupling inventory c Transit inventory (also called in-transit inventory) refers to items that are currently being moved from one work centre to another or from one location to another during production. These materials are not yet in storage or finished goods but are in motion within the production process. This type of inventory is critical for managing workflow in manufacturing environments.
Seasonal inventory is built up in anticipation of seasonal demand.
Safety inventory (or safety stock) is held to prevent stockouts due to uncertainties in demand or supply.
Decoupling inventory acts as a buffer between different machines or workstations to prevent one process from affecting another.
Hence, the correct term is "Transit inventory."		 Comments Active
178 According to Indian Boiler Regulation (IBR) Act 1923, boiler means any closed vessel for generating steam under pressure having capacity exceeding ______. 22.75 litres 12.75 litres 2.75 litres 1.75 litres a “A closed vessel exceeding 22.75 litres in capacity which is used for generating steam under pressure.” Comments Active
179 Process layout is employed for _______. Batch production Continuous production Effective utilization of machine All of these a Process layout (also known as functional layout) is used where similar machines or processes are grouped together. This type of layout is typically used in batch production, where a variety of products are manufactured in small to medium volumes. Comments Active
180 ABC analysis deals with Analysis of process chart Flow of material Ordering schedule of job Controlling inventory costs d S. No.
Factors Items A-Type Inventory B-Type Inventory C-Type Inventory
1.
Percentage use 10-20% 20-30% 60-70%
2.
Percentage value in (Rs.) 70-85% 10-25% 5-15%
3.
Control Very close Moderate Low
4.
Supervisor Top management Middle management User department
5.
Safety stock Very-very low Low High
6.
Ordering frequency Frequent Moderate Low		 Comments Active