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S.No Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Answer Solution Comments Status Action
1 Which of the following options best describes non-coplanar concurrent forces? Forces that meet at one point but their lines of action do not lie on the same plane Forces that do not meet at one point and their lines of action lie on the same plane Forces that meet at one point and their lines of action lie on the same plane Forces that do not meet at one point but their lines of action lie on different planes a Concurrent Forces: A system of forces is said to be concurrent if all the forces pass through a common point, regardless of their direction or plane. In other words, their lines of action intersect at a single point.
Coplanar forces: All the forces lie in the same plane.
Non-coplanar forces: Forces lie in different planes.
Non-Coplanar Concurrent Forces: These forces intersect at one point (they are concurrent),
But they do not lie in the same plane (they are non-coplanar).		 Comments Active
2 Which of the following best defines vapour pressure in a liquid? The pressure exerted by the vapour in equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature The pressure exerted by the liquid molecules The pressure required to force the liquid into a capillary tube The difference between atmospheric pressure and absolute pressure a Vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapour when it is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature in a closed system.
At this point, the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation.
It is a measure of the tendency of the liquid to vaporize.
Vapour pressure increases with temperature.		 Comments Active
3 For a symmetrical T-section, the moment of inertia through centroidal axes in its plane parallel to the flange Ixx = , and perpendicular to the flange is The moment of inertia about the centroidal axis normal to the planar area works out to (in mm4 ) \(2×10^{7}mm^{4}\) \(I_{yy}=1.5×10^{7} mm^{4}.\) 1.33 \( ×10^{7}\) 2.2 \(×10^{7}\) 3.5 \(×10^{7}\) 0.5 \(×10^{7}\) c Moment of inertia about the centroidal axis parallel to the flange (Ixx )= 2 107 mm4 \(×\)
Moment of inertia about the centroidal axis perpendicular to the flange (lyy)= 1.5 107mm4 \(× \)
Polar Moment of Inertia (J):
The polar moment of inertia (J) about the centroidal axis normal to the planar area is the sum of the moments of inertia about the two perpendicular centroidal axes in the plane:
J = Ixx + Iyy
Substitute the given values:
Ixx = 2 107mm4 \(× \)
Iyy = 1.5 \(×10^{7}mm^{4}\)
J = (2 107) + (1.5 107) \(×\) \(×\)
J = 3.5 107 mm4 \(×\)		 Comments Active
4 The Bell-Coleman cycle is also known as: Reversed Brayton cycle Brayton cycle Rankine cycle Carnot cycle a The Bell-Coleman cycle, also known as the Reversed Brayton cycle, is a thermodynamic cycle primarily used in air refrigeration systems, especially in aircraft cooling and cryogenic applications.
It works on the principle of reverse Brayton (or Joule) cycle, where instead of producing work (as in a gas turbine), it absorbs heat from a low-temperature region and rejects it to a high-temperature region, thereby acting as a refrigeration cycle.		 Comments Active
5 The primary purpose of a shadow projector is to _______. detect internal flaws in a material analyse material composition produce an undistorted magnified reflected image of an object measure surface roughness c A shadow projector, also known as an optical comparator, is a metrological instrument used in precision measurement. Its main function is to:
Project the shadow or silhouette of a part onto a screen using light and lenses.
Magnify the image for accurate comparison with standard profiles or to measure dimensions, angles, radii, etc.
 Comments Active
6 Priming of a pump refers to: removing air from the pump casing and suction line lubricating the pump bearings increasing the rotational speed of the pump adjusting the impeller clearance a "Priming is the process of removing the air from the pump casing and suction pipe so that the pump can function properly."
"Centrifugal pumps must be primed to remove air because they cannot handle gas or vapor effectively."		 Comments Active
7 The master production schedule represents the: starting time of component manufacturing financial requirements for the production starting and finishing time of different products finishing time of component manufacturing c The Master Production Schedule (MPS) is a critical component of production planning in manufacturing operations. It represents a detailed plan that specifies the starting and finishing times of different products. This schedule serves as a bridge between customer demand and the production system, ensuring that the right products are manufactured at the right time in the required quantities. The MPS is a key input for material requirements planning (MRP) and helps in achieving a balance between supply and demand.
The primary purpose of the MPS is to ensure that production aligns with customer demand while optimizing the use of available resources. It provides a clear roadmap for production activities, helping to avoid overproduction, underproduction, and stockouts. The MPS also ensures that production is carried out efficiently, minimizing waste and reducing costs.
The MPS is created based on customer orders, sales forecasts, and inventory levels. It is typically divided into time buckets, such as daily, weekly, or monthly intervals. The schedule specifies the quantities of each product to be produced in each time bucket, along with the starting and finishing times for production activities. The MPS is regularly updated to reflect changes in customer demand, production capacity, and inventory levels.		 Comments Active
8 Which of the following is an operational function that comes under pre-planning? Dispatching Material planning and control Loading Forecasting d In Production Planning and Control (PPC), activities are broadly categorized into two phases:
Pre-Planning Functions: These are performed before actual production planning starts. They focus on forecasting, estimating, and preparing data needed for proper planning.
Planning and Operational (Action-Oriented) Functions: These involve actual preparation and execution of the production activities.		 Comments Active
9 The factor considered for wage determination in the flat day rate basic wage incentive plan is: individual performance number of pieces produced company profit hours worked d Comments Active
10 How does the volute shape in a single volute pump casing affect performance? It helps maintain a uniform flow distribution. It increases turbulence within the pump. It restricts the pump's operating range. It serves only an aesthetic purpose. a In a single volute centrifugal pump, the volute casing is designed as a spiral-shaped passage that gradually increases in cross-sectional area as it wraps around the impeller. This specific shape plays a key role in converting the velocity head into pressure head and in directing the fluid smoothly toward the pump outlet. Comments Active
11 Which of the following processes produces the minimum surface roughness on workpieces? Honing Superfinishing Grinding Lapping b Superfinishing, also known as microhoning or micropolishing.
 Comments Active
12 What is the designated function of a 'planetary internal grinder machine'? For a work piece of irregular shape For a very small work piece For a work piece of regular shape For low precision surface finishes a A planetary internal grinder is a specialized grinding machine designed to perform internal grinding on workpieces with irregular or complex internal surfaces — especially where the grinding wheel cannot rotate about the axis of the hole. Comments Active
13 Which of the following is a limitation of taper turning by swiveling the compound rest? It ensures the best surface finish. It is suitable only for short tapers. It provides high production efficiency. It cannot turn any type of taper. b Taper turning by swiveling the compound rest is a common method used on a lathe to create a tapered surface. In this method, the compound rest is swiveled to the required taper angle, and the cutting tool is fed manually along this angle.
Limitations:
Manual operation: Low productivity.
Limited feed length: Because the compound rest has limited travel (typically 100–150 mm), it is only suitable for short tapers.
Not ideal for mass production		 Comments Active
14 Which of the following is the surface coating process? Tumbling Hot doping Hot dipping Pickling c Tumbling: It is a surface finishing process used to smooth or polish parts by rubbing them against abrasive materials inside a rotating drum. It does not apply any coating.
Hot doping: This term is not standard in surface coating or surface treatment processes. It may be a confusion with other terms like doping in semiconductors.
Hot dipping: It is a surface coating process where the work piece is dipped in a molten metal bath, typically zinc (galvanizing) or tin. The molten metal forms a coating layer on the surface that protects against corrosion.
Example: Hot-dip galvanizing of steel.
Pickling: It is a chemical cleaning process using acids to remove rust, scale, or oxides from metal surfaces before further processing. It does not apply a coating		 Comments Active
15 To machine an internal hole in a broaching operation, the broach is gripped by the ______. puller at the pilot puller at the face of the teeth puller at the flute puller at the shank end d To machine an internal hole, the broach is gripped by a puller at the shank end.
The front pilot centres the broach in the hole before the teeth begin to cut.
The front taper (5 to 20 mm) facilitates the insertion of the front pilot in the hole. The first set of teeth behind the front pilot, removes most of the material and are called “roughing teeth”. Theses are followed by a few teeth called “semifinishing teeth” where the depth of cut of individual tooth is quite small. Finally, there are finishing or sizing teeth which are all of the same size and have the shape of the finished hole. Sometimes, a
few burnishing teeth may be provided after the finishing teeth.
These have no cutting edges but are button shaped and from 0.025 to 0.075 mm larger than the size of the hole.
The resulting rubbing action smooths and sizes the hole. They are used primarily on cast iron and non-ferrous metals.		 Comments Active
16 One challenge associated with double volute casings is: increased complexity in manufacturing and alignment higher risk of leakage due to multiple seams decreased efficiency in converting kinetic to pressure energy reduced flow rates a A double volute casing is a type of pump casing design that contains two spiral passages (volutes) arranged symmetrically around the impeller. These passages help to balance radial forces on the impeller and reduce bearing loads, especially at partial flow conditions. Comments Active
17 Which of the following happens when two equal and opposite forces are applied at a point on a rigid body? They produce an additional force on the body. They create rotational motion in the body. They cancel each other and have no effect. They change the magnitude of the original force c When two equal and opposite forces are applied at the same point on a rigid body, they form a pair of concurrent forces that act through the same point but in opposite directions. Comments Active
18 What will be the nature of longitudinal stress in a thin closed cylinder containing hydrostatic fluid pressure? Bending Shear Compressive Tensile d In a thin closed cylinder containing hydrostatic fluid pressure, the longitudinal stress is caused by the pressure acting on the end caps, which tries to pull them apart along the cylinder's length. This pulling action results in a tensile stress along the cylinder. 
\(σ_{h}=\frac{pd}{2t}, σ_{l}=\frac{pd}{4t}\)		 Comments Active
19 What is the capability of a profilometer instrument? Measure surface waviness only Measure surface roughness only Measure surface flaws only Measure roughness together with waviness and any other surface flaws d A profilometer is a precision instrument used in surface metrology to measure the texture of a surface, which includes:
Surface roughness (fine irregularities)
Surface waviness (more widely spaced irregularities)
Form or macro-deviations
Detection of surface flaws or defects		 Comments Active
20 A steel bar ( E = 200E = 200 , α = 12 × 10-6/°C) expands by 0.3 mm due to a temperature increase. If the original length of the bar was 15 cm, what was the temperature rise? 166.6 \(℃\) 100 \(℃\) 180 \(℃\) 120.6 \(℃\) a The formula for linear expansion is given by:
= \(∆L\) \(α×L_{0}×∆T\)
Where:
L = Change in length (0.3 mm) \(∆\)
= Coefficient of linear expansion (12 x 10-6 /°C) \(α\)
= Original length (150 mm) \(L_{0}\)
= Change in temperature (°C) \(∆T\)
Calculation:
Rearranging the formula to solve for \(∆T\)
= L / (α × L0) \(∆T\) \(∆\)
Substituting the given values:
T = 0.3 / (12× 10-6 x 150) \(∆\)
T = 0.3 / (1.8 × 10-3) \(∆\)
T = 166.67 \(∆\) \(℃\)		 Comments Active
21 In the Charpy impact test, the specimen is typically: a cylindrical rod with no defects a rectangular bar with a notch in the middle a sheet of material placed under compression subjected to a gradual tensile load b The Charpy impact test is a standardized high-strain-rate test used to measure the toughness (impact energy absorption) of a material.
Purpose of the notch: The notch localizes stress, encouraging fracture initiation at a predictable point.
It simulates the presence of flaws in real-world components.
Test procedure: The specimen is supported horizontally as a simply supported beam.
A pendulum hammer strikes the specimen behind the notch.
The energy absorbed in breaking the specimen is measured, which is an indication of impact toughness.		 Comments Active
22 In an ideal four-stroke petrol engine, the assumption made about the burning process during the power stroke i.e. after compression is: It occurs instantaneously when the piston is at the top dead centre. It starts at the bottom dead centre and continues as the piston moves up. It is a gradual process that starts before the piston reaches top dead centre. It takes a significant amount of time. a The Otto cycle assumes:
Heat addition (i.e., combustion) occurs at constant volume.
This heat addition is considered to be instantaneous.
It takes place when the piston is at Top Dead Centre (TDC) — the point where the volume is minimum at the end of the compression stroke.		 Comments Active
23 While scheduling decisions, the most influencing parameter is: market research sales forecasting competitor pricing availability of skilled personnel b Comments Active
24 Which of the following represents the polar modulus of the hollow shaft? [ If Do = External diameter and Di = Internal diameter] [16/Do] [Do4 – Di4] \(π\) [ /16Do] [Do3 – Di3] \(π\) [ /16Do] [Do4 – Di4] \(π\) [16/Do] [Do4 – Di4] \( π\) c Polar Modulus of a Hollow Shaft:
The polar modulus (Zp) for a hollow circular shaft is given by the formula:
Zp = J / R
where J is the polar moment of inertia, and R is the outer radius of the shaft.
The polar moment of inertia (J) for a hollow circular shaft is:
J = \(\frac{π}{32} ×Do^{4}-Di^{4}\)
where Do is the external diameter and Di is the internal diameter.
The outer radius (R) is half of the external diameter:
R = Do / 2
Now, substituting J and R into the formula for the polar modulus, we get:
\(∴Z_{p}=\frac{x}{16}Do×[Do^{4}-Di^{4}\)		 Comments Active
25 Which of the following material has the highest compressive strength? Copper Mild Steel Rubber Cast Iron d Cast Iron is known for its very high compressive strength but low tensile strength and brittleness.
Mild steel has good tensile strength but relatively lower compressive strength.
Copper is ductile, and while it has decent compressive strength, it's lower than cast iron.
Rubber is flexible and absorbs energy but has very low compressive strength.		 Comments Active
26 Manometric head is defined as: the height of a fluid column corresponding to the pump's output pressure the weight of the pump the temperature difference across the pump the fluid velocity within the pump a In centrifugal pumps, manometric head is the net head developed by the pump. It represents the actual head gained by the fluid from the suction point to the delivery point, accounting for the pressure increase imparted by the pump. Comments Active
27 An engine is assumed to be working on ideal Otto cycle with the temperatures at the beginning and end of compression as 27 °C and 327 °C. The air-standard efficiency of the engine is: 87% 78% 60% 50% d air-standard efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle η \(= 1-\frac{T_{1}}{T_{2}}= \frac{T_{2}-T_{1}}{T_{2}}=\frac{600-300}{600}=\frac{300}{600}=50%\) Comments Active
28 Compared to axial flow pumps, radial flow pumps typically: generate higher pressures with lower flow rates are used exclusively for pumping gases have lower efficiency in all applications produce higher flow rates at lower pressures a Radial Flow Pumps:
In radial flow pumps, the fluid is discharged perpendicular to the shaft.
They are centrifugal pumps designed to develop high pressure (head) at relatively low flow rates.
Suitable for applications where high head is required (e.g., boiler feed water, high-rise building supply).
Axial Flow Pumps:
Discharge fluid parallel to the shaft.
Designed for very high flow rates but low head (pressure).
Common in flood control, irrigation, and circulation systems.		 Comments Active
29 According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, the basic requirements of the human body such as food, water, sleep, etc. are categorised into: physiological needs esteem needs self-actualisation needs social needs a Physiological needs are the most basic level in Maslow's hierarchy.
These include essential survival needs such as:
Food, Water, Air, Sleep, Shelter, Clothing
They are primary and must be satisfied first before a person can focus on higher-level needs.		 Comments Active
30 Which of the following is a benefit of using Material Requirements Planning (MRP)? Reduced customer service and satisfaction Increased raw material costs Better inventory planning and scheduling Slower response to market changes c Key Benefits of MRP:
Improved inventory control: Avoids overstocking and stockouts.
Efficient scheduling: Matches material delivery with production schedules.
Better production planning: Enhances the coordination between various departments.
Reduced waste and cost due to timely material procurement.		 Comments Active
31 ________ is a welding defect caused by trapping of gas during the welding process. Undercut Burn through Cracking Porosity d Porosity is a welding defect characterized by small holes or cavities formed in the weld metal.
It is caused by gas entrapment during the solidification of the molten weld pool.
Common gases involved are hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen, which may come from contaminated base metal, electrodes, or shielding gas failure.		 Comments Active
32 A symmetrical I-section has a moment of inertia about the centroidal axis in its plane perpendicular to the web, of 22.34 The moment of inertia of the full rectangular area occupied by the I-beam cross section about this axis is 65 . The two empty spaces on either side of the web are square. What is the height of the web? \(×10^{4}mm^{4}\) \(×10^{4}mm^{4}\) 50 mm 30 mm 55 mm 40 mm d Comments Active
33 When two equal forces F act at an angle 0, the resultant force is given by which of the following expressions? R = 2Fsin \((\frac{θ}{2})\) R = F1 + F2 R = F1 - F2 R = 2Fcos \((\frac{θ}{2})\) d When two equal forces F act at an angle θ to each other, the magnitude of the resultant force R is given by:
\(R=F^{2}+F^{2}+2F.FCosθ=2F^{2}(1+cosθ)=2 Fcos\frac{θ}{2}\)		 Comments Active
34 In which of the following situations would brittleness be most UNDESIRABLE? In materials used in high-speed applications In tools that need to withstand heavy impact In structural beams under static load In materials exposed to high temperatures b Brittleness is the property of a material to break or shatter without significant plastic deformation.
 In situations involving impact or shock loads, materials need to absorb energy — this requires toughness, not brittleness.		 Comments Active
35 A beam with a symmetrical T section has a top flange 50 mm wide and 20 mm thick, and a web 40 mm high and 10 mm thick. An additional plate, 10 mm thick and 60 mm wide, is welded above the flange. The moment of inertia of this symmetrical planar cross-section about an axis in its plane normal to the web and in line with the upper face of the 10 mm thick plate works out to 1506,666.66 mm4. The centroidal axis of the combined area is 21.5 mm below this axis, normal to the web. The moment of inertia of this built-up area about the centroidal axis is (in mm4): 2,17,833.34 70,077.52 5,82,166.66 1.33 x 105 c Comments Active
36 Why does stainless steel resist rusting, while regular carbon steel does not? Stainless steel has a thicker iron content. Stainless steel has a protective chromium oxide layer that prevents rusting. Stainless steel has higher carbon content which makes it corrosion resistant. Stainless steel is coated with a special anti-rust chemical. b Stainless steel contains at least 10.5% chromium by weight. When exposed to air, chromium reacts with oxygen to form a thin, stable, and adherent layer of chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃).This passive film, Prevents further oxidation of the underlying metal. Self-heals if scratched or damaged, maintaining corrosion resistance.
Carbon steel lacks sufficient chromium. It forms iron oxide (rust) when exposed to moisture and air, which flakes off and does not protect the underlying metal.		 Comments Active
37 A simply supported beam with a span length of 5 m carries a moment of 20 N-m (counterclockwise direction) at the middle of the beam. What will the value of reactions be at both the ends of the beam? 4N, - 4N 8N, - 8N 5N, - 5N 2N, - 2N a For a simply supported beam with a concentrated moment at mid-span, the vertical reactions are zero.
Assuming the moment is caused by a couple of two vertical forces of magnitude F separated by L=5 m
\(M=F×l=20, F=\frac{20}{5}=4N\)
The forces will be equal and opposite, so reactions at ends are:
+4N, −4N		 Comments Active
38 Which of the following factors generally increases the brittleness of a material? High alloy content Low temperature High temperature High strain rate b Brittleness is the tendency of a material to fracture without significant plastic deformation.
Many materials, especially ductile metals, become more brittle at low temperatures due to reduced atomic mobility and limited dislocation motion.
This phenomenon is known as ductile-to-brittle transition.		 Comments Active
39 What is a characteristic of a coplanar parallel force system? Forces act in different planes and are parallel. Forces act in the same plane but are not parallel. Forces act in different planes and are not parallel. Forces act in the same plane and are parallel. d A coplanar parallel force system has the following characteristics:
Coplanar: All forces lie in the same plane.
Parallel: All forces are parallel to each other (they have the same or exactly opposite directions but never intersect).		 Comments Active
40 While measuring surface texture, the part of the profilometer that makes contact with the workpiece surface is: an electrical pickup a finely pointed stylus a motorised mechanism a recording unit b A profilometer is an instrument used to measure surface roughness and texture.
ï‚· The stylus is a finely pointed tip, usually made of diamond or hard steel.
ï‚· It traces over the surface of the workpiece, following the peaks and valleys.
ï‚· The vertical movements of the stylus are then converted into an electrical signal or recorded to analyze surface profile.
 Comments Active
41 Drill chuck is the major part of drilling machines, which ______. transmits rotary motion to the drill spindle at a number of speeds rests on the base and supports the head and the table holds the drill bit holds electric motor, V-pulleys and V-belt c The drill chuck is the part of a drilling machine that holds the drill bit firmly in place during operation.
ï‚· It allows quick changing of drill bits and ensures the bit is centered and stable.
ï‚· The chuck is attached to the drill spindle and transmits rotary motion, but its primary function is to grip the drill bit.		 Comments Active
42 What is the full form of 'CBN', which is used as an abrasive in grinding processes? Calcium bi nitrous Carbon boron nitrate Copper boron nitride Cubic boron nitride d CBN stands for Cubic Boron Nitride.
ï‚· It is a super abrasive material used in grinding wheels and cutting tools.
ï‚· CBN is second only to diamond in hardness but is more chemically stable than diamond, especially when grinding ferrous materials.
ï‚· Commonly used for grinding hardened steels and super alloys.		 Comments Active
43 How does atmospheric pressure influence gauge pressure measurements? Gauge pressure is independent of atmospheric pressure. Gauge pressure equals atmospheric pressure minus absolute pressure. Gauge pressure is the difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure. Gauge pressure is the sum of absolute and atmospheric pressure. c Absolute pressure (Pₐbₛ) is the total pressure measured relative to a perfect vacuum (zero pressure).
Atmospheric pressure (Pₐₜₘ) is the pressure exerted by the atmosphere at a given location.
Gauge pressure (Pg) is the pressure measured relative to atmospheric pressure.
The relationship is: Pg=Pabs−Patm		 Comments Active
44 In Arc Welding process, chipping hammer is used to Clean the surface to be welded Remove the slag by striking Protect the eyes Hold the electrode manually and conducting current to it b In arc welding, after the weld bead is deposited and solidified, a slag layer forms on top of the weld.
The slag is a protective layer of impurities and flux residues.
It must be removed before further welding or finishing to ensure weld quality.
The chipping hammer is specifically designed to chip off or remove this slag by striking it.		 Comments Active
45 In Carbon Arc Welding, DCSP stands for ________. Direct current straight porosity Direct current straight pressure Direct current straight polarity Dual current straight polarity c In Carbon Arc Welding (CAW), DCSP refers to the connection of the welding power source where:
Direct Current (DC) is used,
The Electrode is connected to the Negative terminal (Straight Polarity), and
The Workpiece is connected to the Positive terminal.
This setup is called Direct Current Straight Polarity (DCSP).		 Comments Active
46 The type of lasers commonly used in laser interferometers for metrology applications are ______. solid-state lasers dye lasers gas lasers excimer lasers c In laser interferometers used for metrology applications (like precision distance and displacement measurement), the most commonly used lasers are gas lasers, particularly: Helium-Neon (He-Ne) lasers. Comments Active
47 Which alloying element in alloy steel is primarily responsible for enhancing corrosion resistance? Chromium Manganese Silicon Carbon a In alloy steels, especially stainless steels, chromium (Cr) is the primary alloying element responsible for enhancing corrosion resistance. Comments Active
48 _______ type of electrode is used in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). Non-consumable tungsten Consumable bare Consumable coated Non-consumable carbon a In Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), also known as Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, the electrode used is made of tungsten, which has a very high melting point (~3422°C). Comments Active
49 In carburising welding flame, there is a supply of _______ in the combustible mixture. limited acetylene proportion and more oxygen proportion acetylene and oxygen in equal proportion more acetylene proportion and limited oxygen proportion only oxygen c Neutral Flame: Oxygen and acetylene are in equal proportion (Oâ‚‚:Câ‚‚Hâ‚‚ = 1:1)
Used for welding most metals.
Carburizing (Reducing) Flame: Excess acetylene, i.e., more acetylene and limited oxygen
The flame contains a bright white inner core and a longer outer envelope.
Used for welding high carbon steels, aluminum, and non-ferrous metals where oxidation must be avoided.
Oxidizing Flame: Excess oxygen
Used for welding brass and bronze, but not steel.		 Comments Active
50 Frictional power in an engine is calculated as: Indicated power - Brake power Brake power / Mechanical efficiency Indicated power + Brake power Indicated power × Mechanical efficiency a In internal combustion engines, the Frictional Power (FP) represents the power lost due to friction between engine parts, pumping losses, and auxiliary components.
The fundamental power relationships are:
Indicated Power (IP) =Brake Power (BP) +Frictional Power (FP)
Rearranging: Frictional Power=Indicated Power−Brake Power		 Comments Active
51 If the temperature of a black body doubles, how many times will its emissive power increase? 8 times 4 times 16 times 2 times c The emissive power E of a black body is given by the Stefan-Boltzmann law:
\(E=σT^{4}\)
If temperature is doubles T=2T, Than, \(\) \(E=σ(2T)^{4}=σ16T^{4}\)		 Comments Active
52 In the CPM technique, the critical path slack is: zero negative either negative or zero positive a In CPM (Critical Path Method): The critical path is the longest path through a project network diagram and determines the shortest time in which the project can be completed.
The slack (or float) is the amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the entire project.
For activities on the critical path, any delay directly delays the project, so:
Slack = 0 for all critical path activities.		 Comments Active
53 Which of the following elements provides the necessary horizontal force to the workpiece in centerless grinding? Regulating wheel Stationary wheel Work test blade Revolving wheel a In centerless grinding, the workpiece is not held between centers. Instead, it is supported between a grinding wheel, a regulating wheel, and a work rest blade.
The grinding wheel performs the actual material removal (abrasion).
The work rest blade supports the workpiece vertically.
The regulating wheel:
Controls the rotational speed of the workpiece.
Applies a horizontal force to push the workpiece against the grinding wheel.
Is usually angled slightly to control longitudinal feed of the workpiece as well.		 Comments Active
54 Identify the critical path from the given diagram.
 1-2-3-7 1-2-4-5-6-7 1-2-4-5-6 1-2-4-7 b Critical path: it has longest time for an activity. And shortest time for completion a project.
Path 1–2–3–7 = 11
Path 1–2–4–5–6–7 = 14
Total = 3 + 4 + 2 + 3 + 2 = 14
Path 1–2–4–5–6 → ends at 6 (not a complete path to 7)
Not valid (we need paths ending at node 7)
Path 1–2–4–7
Total = 3 + 4 + 2 = 9
So Path 1–2–4–5–6–7 has the longest duration: 14 units
It determines the minimum project completion time.		 Comments Active
55 In climb milling, metal is removed by the cutter rotating in the ______. opposite direction of the feed of the workpiece perpendicular direction of the feed of the workpiece same direction of the feed of the workpiece diagonal direction of the feed of the workpiece c In climb milling (also known as down milling):
The cutter rotates in the same direction as the feed of the workpiece.
The cutting action starts with maximum chip thickness, which gradually decreases.
This provides better surface finish, longer tool life, and less heat generation, but it requires a rigid setup to avoid backlash or tool pull-in.		 Comments Active
56 In the ______ welding technique, the welding rod is applied before the welding torch in the direction of motion. forehand backhand laser electric arc a Welding Technique
Rod Position
Uses
Forehand
Ahead of torch
Thin materials, soft welds
Backhand
Behind the torch
Thicker sections, deeper welds		 Comments Active
57 Which type of fracture is most likely to occur in a material with high tensile strength but low ductility? Fatigue failure Ductile fracture Creep failure Brittle fracture d A material with high tensile strength but low ductility tends to fail without significant plastic deformation, which is the hallmark of brittle fracture.
Characteristics of Brittle Fracture:
Sudden failure
Little to no warning (no necking)
Often occurs along specific planes (cleavage)
Common in ceramics, cast iron, and some hardened steels		 Comments Active
58 The primary reason for diesel engines having more efficiency than gasoline engines is they _______. have a longer stroke have a higher compression ratio use a different fuel operate at higher temperatures b Higher compression leads to better thermal efficiency as per the Otto and Diesel cycle efficiency formulas:
\(η_{thermal}=1-(\frac{1}{r^{γ-1}})\)
Where:
​ = thermal efficiency \(η_{thermal}\)
r = compression ratio
γ = ratio of specific heats		 Comments Active
59 What will be the shape of the bending moment diagram for a cantilever beam carrying a uniformly distributed load throughout its length? Cubical A straight line A parabola A hyperbola c At a distance x from the free end
M(x) = \(\frac{wx^{2}}{2}\)
The maximum moment occurs at the fixed end:
\(\frac{wl^{2}}{2}=M_{max}\)
shape of the bending moment diagram is a parabola.		 Comments Active
60 If a component has a Factor of Safety (FOS) of 1.0, what does it indicate? The design is highly conservative. The component will never fail irrespective of any load. The design is unsafe and should not be designed. The material will fail exactly at the expected load. d The Factor of Safety \(FOS=\frac{Ultimate or Yield Strength}{Working or design Load}\)
If FOS = 1.0, it means:
The applied (working) load is equal to the maximum strength of the material.
There is no margin for error, uncertainty, or overload.
The component will just begin to fail at the expected load.		 Comments Active
61 In a two-stroke petrol engine, the primary function of the crankcase is to: house the transfer port store lubricating oil cool the engine act as a primary pumping chamber for the air-fuel mixture d In a two-stroke petrol engine, the crankcase performs a very crucial role in the fuel-air mixture handling:
During the upward stroke of the piston, a partial vacuum is created in the crankcase.
This draws in a fresh air-fuel mixture from the carburetor through the inlet valve or port.
On the downward stroke, the piston compresses the mixture in the crankcase before transferring it to the cylinder via the transfer port.
This action effectively makes the crankcase act as a pumping chamber, pushing the mixture into the cylinder during the transfer phase.		 Comments Active
62 If elastic strength increases 3 times, then Proof Resilience: increases 3 times decreases 9 times decreases 3 times increases 9 times d proof resilience (U) = \(U=\frac{σ^{2}}{2E}\)
σ= Elastic (yield) strength
E = Young’s modulus (constant for a given material)
Let new strength = 3σ
= 9U \(U_{new}=\frac{9σ^{2}}{2E} \)		 Comments Active
63 What is the function of coolants in metal cutting or machining operation? Decreases adhesion between chip and tool Provides higher friction and wear between tool and workpiece Increases wear and tear of tools and decrease tool life Reduces machinability and machining forces a Functions of Coolants:
Cooling – Reduces the heat generated during cutting, protecting both tool and workpiece.
Lubrication – Decreases friction between the tool and the chip/workpiece.
Prevents adhesion – By reducing friction and temperature, it decreases the tendency of chips to weld or stick to the cutting edge.
Improves surface finish – Less heat and friction mean smoother finishes.
Extends tool life – Lower temperatures and friction mean less tool wear.		 Comments Active
64 Fluid pressure is defined as: the force per unit area exerted by a fluid at rest the force acting parallel to a surface the weight of a fluid per unit volume the rate of the flow of fluid through a given area a Fluid pressure is defined as the normal force per unit area exerted by a fluid at rest on the walls of its container or any surface in contact with it. It acts perpendicularly to the surface.
The formula for fluid pressure is:
P=F/A
Where:
P = Pressure
F = Normal force
A = Area over which the force is applied		 Comments Active
65 A gray body is defined as a body that: absorbs all radiation incident upon its surface reflects all radiation incident upon its surface has emissivity less than 1 but constant for all wavelengths has an emissivity that varies with wavelength of radiation c "A gray body is an idealized body whose absorptivity does not vary with wavelength and is less than unity." Comments Active
66 Which of the following beams is classified as a statically determinate beam? Propped cantilever beam Continuous beam Overhanging beam Fixed beam c A statically determinate beam is one in which all the reactions and internal forces can be determined using only the equations of static equilibrium (∑Fx=0, ∑Fy​=0, and ∑M=0).
Propped Cantilever Beam – Statically indeterminate: has more supports than needed for equilibrium (1 extra reaction).
Continuous Beam – Statically indeterminate: spans over more than two supports, which introduces more unknowns than can be solved by static equations alone.
Overhanging Beam – Statically determinate: has simple supports and an overhang; all forces and moments can be determined using static equilibrium equations.
Fixed Beam – Statically indeterminate: fixed supports introduce moment reactions, increasing the number of unknowns.		 Comments Active
67 Which of the following types of steel would NOT typically undergo the normalizing process? High-carbon steel Alloy steel Medium-carbon steel Stainless steel d Normalising is a heat treatment process typically applied to carbon steels and low-alloy steels to:
Refine grain structure
Improve machinability and strength
Relieve internal stresses
However, stainless steel is not typically normalized, because:
It already has high corrosion resistance and desirable mechanical properties due to its alloy composition (primarily chromium).
Heat treatment like annealing or solution treatment is more commonly used for stainless steels to restore corrosion resistance after welding or fabrication.
Normalising can degrade corrosion resistance by forming chromium carbides at grain boundaries.		 Comments Active
68 In which type of oxy-acetylene welding flames are both acetylene and oxygen in equal proportions? Neutral welding flame Oxidising welding flame Reducing welding flame Carburising welding flame a "A neutral flame is obtained when equal volumes of oxygen and acetylene are mixed. It has a sharply defined inner cone and is suitable for welding most ferrous and non-ferrous metals."
Neutral Flame: Oxygen: Acetylene = 1: 1
Carburizing (Reducing) Flame: Oxygen: Acetylene < 1: 1 (typically around 0.9: 1 or lower)
Oxidizing Flame: Oxygen: Acetylene > 1: 1 (typically around 1.1: 1 to 1.5: 1)		 Comments Active
69 Angle gauges are generally made from which material? Carbon fibre Hardened steel Wood Plastic b "Angle gauges are usually made from hardened steel, lapped to very fine tolerances for precise angular measurement." Comments Active
70 Which of the following is a special case of a spirit-level device? Micrometer Clinometer Autocollimator Kelvinometer b A clinometer is a special case of a spirit level device. It is used for measuring the angle of inclination or slope of an object with respect to the horizontal. It operates on the same principle as a spirit level, using a bubble inside a vial, but it typically has graduated markings or a scale to measure the angle of tilt.
Other devices listed are not related to the spirit level:
Micrometer: Measures small distances or thicknesses with high precision.
Autocollimator: Measures angular displacements with high accuracy.
Kelvinometer: Measures electrical resistance, typically for low-resistance measurements.
"A clinometer is an instrument that uses the principles of a spirit level to measure the angle of inclination or the slope of a surface."		 Comments Active
71 In rack and pinion gear, the rack is a ______ and the pinion is a ______. straight line gear; straight line gear straight line gear; circular wheel circular wheel; straight line gear circular wheel; circular wheel b "A rack is a gear in the form of a straight bar, which meshes with a circular gear called pinion. It is used to convert rotary motion into linear motion."
 Comments Active
72 A pitot tube is primarily used to measure: dynamic pressure static pressure atmospheric pressure flow velocity d "The Pitot tube is an instrument used to measure the velocity of flow at any point in a pipe or stream by converting kinetic energy into pressure energy."
\(v=2gh\)
V= flow velocity,		 Comments Active
73 What is the primary function of the tailstock in a lathe? To change the direction of the spindle movement To provide support and bearing for the rotating job To hold the cutting tool for machining operations To control the speed of the spindle rotation b The tailstock of a lathe is mounted on the bed and can slide along it. Its primary function is to:
Provide support for long work pieces during machining by holding a dead centre or live centre.
Hold tools like drill bits, reamers, or taps for operations along the axis of the work piece (e.g., drilling, tapping, reaming).
Help maintain alignment and prevent deflection of the work piece due to cutting forces.
"The tailstock is used to support long jobs by means of a center and also to hold tools for operations such as drilling and reaming."		 Comments Active
74 The primary purpose of job rating or evaluation is to: provide benefits like leave and housing assess an employee's performance motivate employees for higher production determine the relative worth of different jobs d Job evaluation is a process of determining the relative worth of different jobs in an organization so as to establish a fair and equitable pay structure." Comments Active
75 Electroplating is the opposite of which of the following? Electrolysis Battery charging Galvanic cell Fuel cell c "Electroplating is an electrolytic process where electrical energy is used to bring about chemical change. This is the reverse of the galvanic cell process where chemical energy is converted into electrical energy."
 Comments Active
76 Which of the following is NOT a function of the spirit level measuring instrument? For measuring surface roughness For determining flatness and straightness For measuring angles For measuring alignment of machine parts a A spirit level is a precision instrument used primarily to check:
Flatness
Straightness
Angular alignment
Machine alignment
It works based on the bubble in a liquid-filled vial, indicating horizontal (level) or slightly inclined surfaces.
However, it is not used for measuring surface roughness, which involves microscopic variations in surface texture. Surface roughness is typically measured by instruments like profilometers or surface roughness testers, not by spirit levels.		 Comments Active
77 In most of the Sl engines, the intake valve opens a few degrees before the TDC on the exhaust stroke to: allow for better scavenging of exhaust gases ensure that the intake valve is fully open when the piston reaches the TDC ensure complete combustion of the fuel-air mixture increase the engine's compression ratio a "The intake valve opens before the piston reaches TDC during the exhaust stroke to take advantage of the scavenging effect."
In spark ignition (SI) engines, the intake valve opens slightly before TDC on the exhaust stroke — a part of the valve timing strategy known as valve overlap. This helps in:
Scavenging: The momentum of the exiting exhaust gases helps draw in the fresh charge (air-fuel mixture) more effectively.
Improving volumetric efficiency: Early intake valve opening allows more air-fuel mixture to enter the cylinder, especially at higher speeds.		 Comments Active
78 How many mirrors are used for magnification in the Zeiss Ultra-Optimeter? One Two Three Four c It uses a system of three mirrors to:
Achieve optical magnification
Maintain alignment and stability
Ensure error-free light path deviation
These mirrors work in conjunction with a light source and optical scale to create precise interference patterns or magnified images of the part being inspected.		 Comments Active
79 Broaching of outside surfaces is called ______. internal broaching hallow broaching surface broaching hole broaching c Broaching is a machining process using a toothed tool (called a broach) to remove material.
When the outside or flat surfaces of a component are machined using a broach, it is called surface broaching.
Typical applications: broaching of keyways, flat faces, splines, or other external features.
Internal broaching – Used for internal surfaces (like holes, splines inside bores).
Hollow broaching – Not a standard term in machining.
Hole broaching – Informally refers to internal broaching, but not the correct technical term here.		 Comments Active
80 A pump discharges water with a manometric head of 20 m. If the density of water is 1000 kg/m³ and gravity is 9.81 m/s², what is the approximate pressure increase provided by the pump? 20 kPa 2 kPa 196 kPa 9.81 kPa c \(manometric head h=20m, \)
\(density of water ρ=\frac{1000kg}{m^{3}}, \)
\(gravity g=9.81m/sec^{2} \)
Pressure increased P= \(ρgh=1000×9.81×20=196.2 kPa\)		 Comments Active
81 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics establishes the basis for which of the following? Entropy increase in isolated systems Heat transfer through conduction Conservation of energy Measurement of temperature d If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
This law enables the definition of temperature as a measurable property:
It tells us when two bodies have the same temperature.
It justifies the use of a thermometer: if a thermometer is in thermal equilibrium with both systems, they are at the same temperature.		 Comments Active
82 What does specific fuel consumption (SFC) measure in an internal combustion engine? The efficiency of the engine's exhaust system The total mass of the fuel used during engine operation The fuel efficiency expressed as the amount of fuel consumed per unit of power produced The ratio of air intake to fuel delivered per combustion cycle c Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) is a key measure of how efficiently an engine uses fuel to produce power.
It is defined as:
SFC= \(\frac{Fuel consumption rate (\frac{kg}{hr})}{Power output (kW)}\)		 Comments Active
83 Which of the following is a common metrological application of interferometry? Determining surface hardness Analysing chemical composition Measuring temperature Inspecting machine parts for straightness d Interferometry is a precise optical measurement technique that uses the interference of light waves to make extremely accurate dimensional measurements.
One of its common metrological applications is:
Checking flatness and straightness of surfaces.
Measuring minute displacements and surface irregularities.
Instruments like the optical flat and laser interferometers are used for this purpose.		 Comments Active
84 In which type of engine is a mist lubricating system most commonly used? Gas turbine engines Rotary engines Four-stroke diesel engines Two-stroke petrol engines d In two-stroke petrol engines, a mist lubrication system is commonly used because:
These engines do not have a separate crankcase lubrication system (the crankcase is used for fuel-air mixture transfer).
Lubricating oil is mixed with fuel (usually at a specific ratio, like 20:1 to 50:1).
As the mixture enters the crankcase and then the combustion chamber, the oil forms a mist, lubricating the engine parts.
This method is simple, lightweight, and cost-effective—ideal for small engines like motorcycles, chainsaws, and lawnmowers.
Gas turbine engines – Use pressure or dry sump lubrication systems.
Rotary engines – Use metered oil injection, not mist lubrication.
Four-stroke diesel engines – Use wet sump or dry sump pressure lubrication systems.		 Comments Active
85 If the external diameter of a hollow shaft is three times greater than its internal diameter, what is the ratio of its torque-carrying capacity compared to that of a solid shaft of identical material and the same outer diameter? 65/81 80/81 26/27 81/80 b , D=3d, \(\frac{T}{J}=\frac{τ}{r}=\frac{Gθ}{L}\)
\(J_{solid}=\frac{Ï€D^{4}}{32}\)
\(J_{hollow}=\frac{Ï€}{32}(D^{4}-d^{4})=\frac{Ï€}{32}(D^{4}-(\frac{D}{3})^{4})=\frac{Ï€D^{4}}{32}.\frac{80}{81}\)
\(\frac{T_{h}}{T_{s}}=\frac{J_{h}}{J_{s}}=\frac{\frac{Ï€D^{4}}{32}.\frac{80}{81}}{\frac{Ï€D^{4}}{32}}=\frac{80}{81}\)		 Comments Active
86 The intake valve closes at _____ for a low-speed engine and at _____ for high-speed four-stroke petrol engines. 60 deg after BDC: 10 deg after BDC 10 deg before BDC; 60 deg before BDC 60 deg before BDC; 10 deg before BDC 10 deg after BDC; 60 deg after BDC d In four-stroke petrol engines, the intake valve timing differs between low-speed and high-speed engines to optimize performance:
Low-Speed Engines:
The intake valve closes at around 10° after BDC.
Due to lower piston speeds, the airflow into the cylinder is slower.
Closing the valve shortly after BDC ensures the cylinder fills adequately without losing much of the air-fuel charge.
High-Speed Engines:
The intake valve closes at around 60° after BDC.
Higher piston speeds mean greater inertia of the incoming air-fuel mixture.
Keeping the valve open longer allows more charge to enter the cylinder, improving volumetric efficiency despite the piston starting its compression stroke.
This concept is known as late intake valve closing (LIVC).		 Comments Active
87 The radius of gyration about the polar axis of a circular lamina of radius 0.2 m is: 4.1 cm 0.14 m 0.1 m π cm b For a circular lamina (thin, flat disk), the radius of gyration k about the polar axis (z-axis) is given by: \(k=\frac{I}{m}\)
Where: I is the moment of inertia about the polar axis, m is the mass of the lamina
For a solid circular lamina of radius R, the moment of inertia about the polar axis (through centre, perpendicular to the plane) is: \(I=\frac{1}{2}mR^{2}\)
= 0.707R= \(k=\frac{1}{2}R^{2}\) \( 0.707×0.2=0.1414\)		 Comments Active
88 How the resultant force is calculated if two forces act along the same straight line but in opposite directions? R = F1 + F2 R = \(F12+F22\) R = 2F1F2 cos \(θ\) R = F1 - F2 d When two forces act along the same straight line but in opposite directions, the resultant force is:
The difference between the two forces.
The direction of the resultant is toward the larger force.		 Comments Active
89 Which type of light is generally used in the photo etching process? Infrared (IR) light X-ray Visible light Ultraviolet (UV) light d In the photo etching (or photochemical machining) process:
A photoresist is applied to the work piece.
A mask (with the desired pattern) is placed over it.
The setup is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, which alters the solubility of the exposed photoresist.
The exposed or unexposed areas (depending on positive or negative resist) are then developed and etched.		 Comments Active
90 In Arc Welding Processes, GMAW stands for _______. Gas Metal Arc Welding Gas Molten Arbour Welding Gas Molten Arc Welding Gang Metal Arc Welding a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW):
Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) or Metal inert gas welding (MIG)
can weld any type of material (Ferrous and Nonferrous)
Wire electrode (uncoated electrode)
Insert or shield gases are used to protect the weld area,
No flux is used, it is a Semi-automatic or Automatic setup
Ar (most common), He, CO2, or their mixture
If MIG uses inert gas as CO2 then it is known as Metal active gas welding (MAG)
DCEP – Smother weld, low spatter, Stable arc, Cathode cleaning
DCEN – erratic arc		 Comments Active
91 In brazing, the filler metal is drawn into the joint by means of ______. friction damping action capillary action surface tension c In brazing, the filler metal (with a melting point above 450°C but below the base metal's melting point) is drawn into the joint by capillary action.
Capillary action allows the molten filler to flow into the narrow gap between closely fitted parts due to surface tension and adhesion forces.
This mechanism ensures strong, uniform joint formation without melting the base metals.		 Comments Active
92 Which statement best compares battery and magneto ignition systems in internal combustion engines? Magneto systems require more frequent maintenance than battery systems. Battery ignition systems are independent of engine speed, unlike magneto systems. Battery ignition systems rely on stored electrical energy, whereas magneto systems generate power on-demand via electromagnetic induction. Both systems depend on an external battery for operation c Battery Ignition System:
Uses stored electrical energy from a battery to generate the spark.
Common in cars and light vehicles.
Works well even at low engine speeds.
Magneto Ignition System:
Generates its own electrical power using electromagnetic induction.
No need for an external battery.
Commonly used in motorcycles, aircraft, and racing engines.
Performance is dependent on engine speed – weaker spark at low speeds.		 Comments Active
93 Which of the following centre-less grinding can be preferred for headed, stepped, or taper-shaped workpieces? Plunge cut grinding Taper out grinding Rotation feed center-less grinding Out feed grinding a In-feed (Plunge) centerless grinding is specifically used for:
Irregularly shaped workpieces such as stepped shafts, tapered components, or parts with shoulders or heads.
The workpiece is manually placed into the grinding zone and held stationary during the plunge grinding process.
Unlike through-feed grinding, which only suits straight cylindrical parts, in-feed allows grinding of profiles and features.
Through-feed – Used only for straight cylindrical parts (no steps or tapers).
End-feed – Used for short workpieces where both ends are ground simultaneously.		 Comments Active
94 Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) is also called _______ Metal Inert Gas Welding Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Gas Metal Arc Welding Thermo-compression Welding b Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, also known as Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) is an arc welding process that produces the weld with a non-consumable tungsten electrode.
 Comments Active
95 Slag inclusion is the welding defect caused by _______. gas being trapped, due to moisture insufficient cleaning and preparation of the base metal before welding contamination of either the filler or parent metals incorrect edge penetration b "A welding defect caused by the entrapment of non-metallic solid material (slag) in the weld metal or between weld layers. This is primarily due to improper cleaning between weld passes, poor welding techniques, or insufficient base metal preparation." Comments Active
96 The S-N curve in fatigue testing shows the relationship between: the number of cycles and strain amplitude the number of cycles and stress amplitude stress and strain stress and displacement b The S-N curve is a graphical representation used in fatigue testing to show the relationship between:
S = Stress amplitude (applied cyclic stress)
N = Number of cycles to failure
The horizontal axis (N) is usually on a logarithmic scale and represents the number of cycles.
The vertical axis (S) represents the stress amplitude applied to the material.
The curve helps determine the fatigue life of a material under repeated loading.		 Comments Active
97 What is the primary function of the tool post in a lathe machine? To secure the workpiece firmly on the machine bed To control the feed rate and depth of cut during machining To hold and adjust the tool for a suitable working position To support the compound rest and provide rotational movement c The tool post in a lathe machine is a component mounted on the compound rest that:
Holds the cutting tool securely.
Allows adjustment of the tool to the required angle and position for various operations (turning, facing, etc.).
Enables quick tool changes in some types (e.g. quick-change tool posts).		 Comments Active
98 Which of the following are used to improve pigment dispersion and the stability of coatings during organic coating? Colloidal stabilisers Pigment analyser Curing stabilisers Plasticisers a In organic coatings, colloidal stabilisers are used to:
Improve pigment dispersion by preventing agglomeration of pigment particles.
Enhance stability of the coating system by stabilizing the suspended particles, especially in emulsions or suspensions.
Maintain a uniform distribution of pigments, which contributes to consistent colour and coating performance.		 Comments Active
99 Which characteristic best describes an axial flow pump? The fluid flows parallel to the pump shaft. The fluid flows radially outward from the shaft. The fluid flows perpendicular to the pump shaft. The fluid flow is converted to heat energy. a Type of Pump
Flow Direction
Head
Flow Rate
Applications
Axial Flow
Parallel to pump shaft
Low
High
Flood control, irrigation, cooling water systems
Radial Flow
Perpendicular (radial) to pump shaft
High
Low to medium
Boiler feed pumps, high-pressure applications
Mixed Flow
Between radial and axial (angled flow)
Medium
Medium to high
Drainage, sewage, and general-purpose pumping		 Comments Active
100 Which of the following materials is likely to have the highest thermal conductivity? Rubber Air Aluminium Wood c Aluminium = 205-250
Wood=0.1-0.2
Rubber =0.13-0.2
Air =0.024
Aluminium, being a metal, has much higher thermal conductivity than the others listed.		 Comments Active